چکیده:
Iranian traditional cities were created with a system based on experiments and gradual establishment of society through time. Qajar era is especially important in Iranian art history. Until mid Qajar era, Iranian cities’s architecture mainly took benefit of its common traditional architecture that is already seen in most desert-surrounding cities. Till this era, there was not any connection between Qajar and western architecture and it rooted in principles of Iranian urban planning and architecture that were indicating traditional properties of the country formed as traditional cities structures. Later by entering of modernity thoughts during reign of Nasir al-Din Shah, several variations were seen at spatial organization of Iranian cities including Tehran and Tabriz. Identifying these variations requires profound recognition of traditional structure of Iranian cities during Qajar era to the mentioned time juncture to clarify the fact that how our cities have passed from the traditional to modern stage. Therefore, the main object of this study is investigation of the spatial organization and structure of Iranian cities during Qajar era and, finally, presenting pattern of traditional structure before entering modernity to Iran. The results show that there is not any main difference between spatial organization and structure of Iranian cities until mid Qajar and Ṣafavid eras. Architectural figure of most spaces are in direct relationship with their functional content and social concept and urban and work spaces are intensively merged, and organization of urban spaces is still based on main bazaar axis of the city and governmental citadel area.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Urban Planning and Architectural Elements and Their Effect on Spatial Organization and Structure of Iranian Islamic-Traditional Urban Planning 1- Determining dominant orientation of city, 2- creating of adjacent units, 3- creating blind Residential units & Communities Community Center Mosque Govern Mental Sector Passage Way Bazaar Square Rampart & Gate River & Bridge alleys to maintain privacy 1-Minor and blind passes to maintain privacy, 2- categorization in accordance with occupation or dominant property of residents 1- Locating religious, service, commercial spaces there or its surrounding.
Role and Position of Urban and Architectural Elements in Tehran Dār Al-Khilafih Traditional Spatial Organization (View the image of this page) The Communities are Connected through Long, Irregular, and Narrow Rasteh Fences and Ramparts Surround the City Main Square was Located Near the Governmental Citadel.
Role and Position of Urban and Architectural Elements in Tabriz Dār Al-Salṭanat Traditional Spatial Organization and Structure During Qajar Era (View the image of this page) Important governmental centers such as barracks and guardhouses, important commercial elements like main bazaar, Jame mosque were located adjacent to passages Bazaar is the most important communication axis of the city connecting important gates of the city.