چکیده:
In recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world, especially in big cities. One of the solutions given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and regional climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold periods; there will then be noticeable saving in energy consumption. Since Zanjan has special location, the buildings’ orientation should be in a way that the most possible energy could be absorbed by the building through the cold periods, and the lowest amount of energy would be able to hit the building in hot periods. In this research, to reach the most efficient use of solar energy in Zanjan, as the case study of research, first the climate information of 40 years timing was collected from Zanjan Synoptic Center, and the orientation and height of sun was extracted afterwards by using Q-BASIC software. The amount of solar radiation on vertical surfaces of walls in various angles was calculated using law of cosines. And finally the best orientation for buildings in this city has been determined. The results of this research showed that vertical surfaces with the orientations of +150 and -150 south-west absorb the most amount of energy, and the surfaces with orientations of +15 and -15 north-east and west absorb the lowest energy in cold and hot months of the year. The highest difference of radiated energy in vertical surfaces is at +135 south - east and – 135 south- west through hot and cold periods. According to the research results, the best settlement orientations for buildings are 135 degree and 225 degree of Azimuth angle.
خلاصه ماشینی:
If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and regional climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold periods; there will then be noticeable saving in energy consumption.
Few studies have been done in relate with the impact of solar radiation angle on the amount of energy which is absorbed by buildings walls in warm and cold months.
Barzegar and Heidari investigated the impact of solar radiation of building’s shell on domestic energy consumption based on buildings orientation in Shiraz.
The results of this research showed that houses with suitable orientation (mostly south-east or north-west) had proper conditions regarding to energy consumption and supply (Barzegar & Heidari, 2013) and (Barzegar et al.
investigated the effect of solar orientation in energy consumption for climate office building located in the city of Santamari (Santos et al.
, investigated the climate design of residential buildings in Sabzevar with an emphasis on orientation and depth of shelter, and showed that the orientation of 15 and 30 degrees east for one sided buildings, and +165 and -15 degrees from north to south for two-sided buildings, were the best orientations in the case of solar radiation based houses in Sabzevar (Hossein Abadi et al.
So it is necessary to carry out this research and determine the best orientations for buildings in Zanjan cold climate in order to have the most solar energy intake in cold months of the year.
Based on the results of table 8 and figure 1, two orientations with Azimouth angle 135 and 225 degrees are the best orientations for buildings in Zanjan, in order to get the most solar energy on vertical surfaces.