چکیده:
Being more radical than “John Locke”, “Charles de Montesquieu”, and “Hobbes”, “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” is known as one of the critics of the philosophy of Enlightenment in the world. To him human’s negligence from freedom is equivalent with his negligence from his nature and human rights. “Emile” or “On Education” is one of the most important books of Rousseau written on child education. Rousseau suggests that the training method of children and teenagers is not the necessity of limiting the young adults’ mind, but since the goal of education is producing a rational creature, if the method cannot predict its results, it leads to extreme consequences.
Rousseau believes that correct education is the one that is done through recognizing the natural motivations, therefore, in order to have a positive educating effect on teenagers, educational foundations related to the legal exercises should be taken into account, and educating should not be based on the inculcation of ethical values, force, or too much expectations of the society; otherwise, teenagers will avoid them. Accordingly, if the goal of education is to train the person, the goal and the procedure should not be confused with each other in order not to have an unnatural result. Educational works of Rousseau indicates that he has an ultimate goal for education as well as he sets some intermediary goals to gain those ultimate ones. Adaptation and harmony with nature are out of Rousseau’s ultimate goals.