چکیده:
This article tries to demonstrate that Islam recognizes women’s social presence and endorses their participation in political, economic, and cultural activities in society. The claim is supported by the Quranic reports of women’s social activities in the past nations and by a number of jurisprudential verses (āyāt al-aḥkām) pertaining to social matters. Further evidence for the claim consists in reliable historical reports, as well as hadiths, according to which women were active in the nascent Muslim community and the Prophet (s) expressed no disagreement towards their social activities. This article is written with a descriptive-analytic method, using reliable Shiite and Sunni sources.
خلاصه ماشینی:
On the other hand, the Quran refers to two righteous women, both of whom had social presence: Asiya, the wife of Pharaoh, who was persecuted by him for her faith, and Mary: / 127 And Allah presents an example of those who believed: the wife of Pharaoh, when she said, ‘My Lord, build for me near You a house in Paradise and save me from Pharaoh and his deeds and save me from the wrongdoing people.
Some maintain that it covers the head and the chest (Ṭabrisī 1372 Sh, 8:581; Zamakhsharī 1407AH, 3:560); others take it to be a shirt, clothing, headcover, or anything else that a woman is covered with (Ṭabāṭabāʾī 1417 AH, 16:339); a third group consider it a cover over a woman’s clothes or an item of clothing covering the whole body (Zuḥaylī 1418 AH, 22:106; Qurṭubī 1364 Sh, 14:244); some others hold that jilbāb covers the head and the face (Kiyāharrāsī 1405 AH, 4:350; Jaṣṣaṣ 1405 AH, 5:245; Khusravānī 1390 AH, 7:60; Aṭyab 1378 Sh, 10:527); others believe that it could / 129 cover a woman’s face and body (Shubbar 1412 AH, 1:404; Ḥusaynī al-Shīrāzī 1423 AH, 1:438; Karamī al-Ḥuwayzī 1402 AH, 6:306); and finally some scholars take it to be a cover over the headcover (Ibn al-ʿArabī n.
The verse prohibits men from gazing at non-mahram women (Ṭabarī 1412 AH, 18:92; Ṭabarsī 1372 Sh, 7:217; Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī 1423 AH, 365; Ḥusaynī Jurjānī 1404 AH, 2:358; Ibn al-ʿArabī n.