چکیده:
One of the specialized Ḥadīth domains in the recent orientalist studies is the investigation of the reasons and factors of the appearance and advent of the Shī‗a Ḥadīths and the reason behind the Shī‗a followers and scholars in the learning and recording of the narrations and formation of "The Shī‗a cultural memory" in the later years and so, the advent of the "later narration collections". The first question of the study at hand regards the points and issues considered by them in studying and analyzing this cultural memory as well as the goals they pursued. In this regard, it is argued that this consideration has not been away from harms and incorrect conclusions, and so, in some cases it has challenged the origin and authenticity of Ḥadīth among the Shī‗a. Moreover, from among the main Ḥadīth cultural memories of the Shī‗a, the orientalist studies have mostly paid attention to Biḥār al-anwār. The extensive consideration of this work along with a criticism of it is the other question of this article. The article at hand presents and describes the main suggested orientalists' opinions regarding the two foregoing questions through an emphasis on Rainer Brunner's "The role of Ḥadīth as cultural memory in Shi'i history" so as to identify and analyze the discrepancies and commonalities of their thoughts.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The article at hand presents and describes the main suggested orientalists' opinions regarding the two foregoing questions through an emphasis on Rainer Brunner's "The role of Ḥadīth as cultural memory in Shi'i history" so as to identify and analyze the discrepancies and commonalities of their thoughts.
v. Kohlberg, 2013: 165-180 scholars' and notables' attention to narrating, collecting, and presenting the Infallibles' (a) speech, the orientalists believe that in the Shī‗a doctrine, history, and jurisprudence, Ḥadīth – like the Qur‘ān – has the highest importance and undoubtedly, it is the oldest form of the Shī‗a literature, though dialectic theology also was formed in the early periods (2nd to 4th centuries AH/ 8th to 10th centuries CE) (Ibid.
Ḥadīth: the criterion for accuracy/inaccuracy of the Noble Qur’ān verses One of the main and worth-mentioning points in this section is the Noble Qur‘ān "distortion verses"; in the orientalists' opinion, the Shī‗a believe that the Qur‘ān which was revealed to the Prophet (s) has numerous references to Imams (a) in general, and especially refer to Imām ‗Alī (a) as the most appropriate person for the caliphate.
) A general review of the theories about the "purposeful appearance of the Shī‘a Ḥadīth" The summary of the orientalists' opinions in this section – discussed as the era of Imams (a) presence in which the Shī‗a evaluated all their actions and behaviors based on a person as Imām (a) – Imams' companions and followers published their narrations to prove their beliefs and achieve their social and religious goals.