چکیده:
A great deal of scientists and philosophers made the history of humanity heavily indebted, blossoming out during the Islamic Golden Age. Tracing the development of Muslim civilization, we can observe distinct thinking methods which have improved different facets of society. Contributing to the promotion of civilization, mathematics and its various apparatus cannot be neglected. Khwārizmī is the most critical figure in mathematics as the bedrock of empirical method. Ibn al-Haitham is reckoned as the leading figure of that era in the scientific method on which all sciences and technologies are based. Fārābī as a profound philosopher focused on imagination and art for distributing wisdom and reason among public. In his utopia, artists have this task and they are called the conveyors of religion. Suhrawardī concentrated on intuition besides wisdom and reason. In addition, Suhrawardī typified the artist of Fārābī‘s virtuous city. In Suhrawardī‘s mystical treatises, he allegorized intelligible happiness. Each method would contribute to human civilization—that is, a set of thinking methods is required for surviving and developing civilization. However, dramatically important in today‘s world is that the balance ought to be maintained.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The Trajectory of Thought through Khwārizmī, Ibn al- Haitham, Fārābī, and Suhrawardī Nādiyā Maftūnī Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Received: March 30, 2019 ; Revised: August 1, 2019 ; Accepted: August 4, 2019) Abstract A great deal of scientists and philosophers made the history of humanity heavily indebted, blossoming out during the Islamic Golden Age. Tracing the development of Muslim civilization, we can observe distinct thinking methods which have improved different facets of society.
Designating some of the most representative figures of different areas of thought, I will be keying on Khwārizmī, Ibn al-Haitham, Fārābī, and Suhrawardī.
Being a key scientist of the fifth AH century, Ibn al-Haitham dramatically developed an empirical method based on observation and experiment which resulted in technology promotion.
The artists and rhetoricians of virtuous city, as the conveyors of religion, bring rational issues and intelligible happiness to people's mind through their imagination.
Although our current understanding of vision did not come directly from Ibn al-Haitham, he was among the first to demonstrate critical flaws in the emission theory (Ibid: 173-175).
Dealing with the motives for multiple branches of art like singing and ; ; playing music, images, statues, and paintings, he revolves around four kinds; to create comfort and pleasure, and to forget their fatigue and the passage of time; to create emotions like satisfaction, affection, anger, fear, and the like; to create imaginary forms; and to enable humans to understand the meaning of the words that accompany the notes of the song (Fārābī, 1998: 13, 19-24, 554, 555, 559).
Ibn al-Haitham is a key scientist developing empirical method based on observation and experiment.