چکیده:
بیان مسئله: آرامگاه شیخ صفیالدین اردبیلی از بناهای باشکوه بهجامانده، دوران ایلخانی و تیموری است که یکی از مجموعههای مهم موزهای و تاریخی ایران میباشد. این مجموعه موزهای رشتههای مختلف هنری را در خود داراست. از جلوههای هنر و زیبایی، آثار چوبی بسیار باارزشی است که با انواع متنوعی از فنون اجرایی از جمله خاتم و جووک اجرا شدهاند. صندوق قبر شاه اسماعیل نیز یکی از نفیسترین آثار چوبی است که فنون اجرائی مختلفی در آن مشاهده میشود. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و تطبیق نقشمایهها و نحوه اجرای تکنیک جووک و خاتم در صندوق قبر مذکور میپردازد. هدف مقاله: این پژوهش معرفی و تطبیق نقشمایهها و روش ساخت خاتم و جووک باتوجهبه صندوق قبر شاه اسماعیل صفوی بوده، تا از این طریق به شباهتها و تفاوتهای موجود بین این دو تکنیک دست یافت. سؤال مقاله: چه تفاوتها و شباهتهایی بین نقشمایهها و روش ساخت خاتم و جووک بر روی این صندوق وجود دارد؟ روش تحقیق: برای انجام این پژوهش روش تحقیق بهصورت توصیفی- تحلیلی نقوش خاتم و جووک بوده و پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات کیفی با رویکرد تطبیقی میباشد. بخش اصلی این پروژه بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانهای و میدانی مشاهده نقوش و عکاسی صورتگرفته است. نتیجهگیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که این نقوش به لحاظ طرح به یکدیگر شباهت داشته و تا حدودی به هم نزدیک هستند ولی در نوع قامهبندی و تنوع اشکال بهکاررفته در جووک بهمراتب بیشتر از خاتم میباشد. آثار تاریخی بهجامانده از دورههای مختلف این مسئله را بیان میدارد که نمونه آن در صندوق قبر شاه اسماعیل مشاهده میشود که خاتمها اکثراً به روش گلبندی اجرا شدهاند ولی برای تکنیک جووک محدودیتی در اجرا و نقش وجود ندارد. تکنیک جووک به لحاظ کارکرد نسبت به خاتم علاوه بر رویه کار، در گرهچینیها نیز با دقت بسیار بالا انجام شده که تاکنون نمونه شبیه به آن نیز دیده نشده است.
The shrine of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili is one of the magnificent monuments left from the patriarchal and Timurid eras, which is one of the most important museum and historical collections in Iran. This collection contains museums of different art disciplines. Among the manifestations of art and beauty are very valuable wooden works that have been executed with a variety of executive techniques, including Inlay and Jovak. The tomb of Shah Ismail Safavid, the founder of the Shiite national government of Iran, is located in a part of the tomb of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili, which was built during the reign of Shah Abbas I with special architectural arrays and decorations. The tomb of King Ismail is also one of the most exquisite wooden works in which various execution techniques can be seen. This very beautiful box that is on his grave is decorated with various artistic techniques such as: mosaic, embossing, embroidery, embroidery, knitting, inlay, wood painting, jovak decoration ... are observed. The present study investigates and adapts the themes and how to perform the jovak and inlay technique in the mentioned tomb fund. Inlay artists create regular polygons by combining colored wood, metal, and bone. inlay is the generator of knots and in principle, inlay can be called a kind of king knot. Inlaying is done by cutting, polishing the raw materials and putting them together according to a geometric design by gluing and tying them with thread. Finally, it forms the inlay frame. After framing, the cutting is done. Obtain a layer from the cross section of the stem. But Jovak is a work of art made entirely of wood, to which no materials are added until the end of the work, and various geometric shapes are used in it, and in addition to the procedure, in addition to the work procedure, it is also used in the main coil. In addition to the type of materials used, these two techniques are different in terms of performance variety, dimensions, etc., while in most studies conducted on this tombstone, no mention has been made of this technique. For this reason, this study tries to study these two techniques on the tomb of Shah Ismail according to the definitions and the type of work method of inlay and Jovak. Also, in Jovak technique, the variety of patterns and regular geometric shapes has been much more than inlay, and that inlay technique can be considered as a subset of Jovak technique. The research method is descriptive-analytical inlay and Jovak designs and the research is a qualitative research with a comparative approach. The main part of this project is based on library and field studies, observation of patterns and photography. These techniques, which are now forgotten art, the authors try to preserve this Iranian-Islamic art with the aim of identifying these techniques and introducing them in the contemporary era, to achieve which we first analyze the patterns and Then they are matched with each other. In this article, by comparing the designs of inlay and Jovak, the question will be answered to what extent the designs of these two techniques are different or similar to each other. The question raised in this research is what are the differences and similarities between the themes and the method of making inlay and Jovak on this box. The results indicate that these designs are similar in terms of design and are somewhat close to each other, but in the type of framing and variety of shapes used in the jug is much more than inlay. Historical relics from different periods show this example, an example of which can be seen in the tomb of Shah Ismail that the inlays are mostly done by flower-cutting method, but there is a limitation in the execution of the Jovak technique. And there is no role. It should also be noted that more than 30% of the decorations of this fund are made up of inlay and Jovak. The use of geometric patterns and framing in the construction method has been the similarities of these two techniques. The technique of jovak in the type of framing and its executive forms (use of rectangle, hexagon, hexagonal, etc. in working jovak) is much more varied.... You can see the variety of shapes in them.