چکیده:
ادبیات شفاهی؛ اشعار، ترانهها، لالاییها، حکایات، ضربالمثلها و ... از نسلی به نسلی میرسند و ثبت و تحلیل آنها اهمیت زیادی دارد، زیرا ما را در شناخت خردهفرهنگها یاری میدهند. تحقیق حاضر چارچوب تحلیلی- کیفی دارد. اطلاعات با روش میدانی و پرسشنامۀ محققساخته گردآوری شدهاست. پرسشنامه مرتبط با مضامین لالاییهای قاین تنظیم، و برای اندازهگیری از مقیاسهای ترتیبی و اسمی استفاده شد؛ متغیرهای تحقیق (جنسیت، مضامین دینی- فرهنگی، موقعیت اجتماعی زنان و شرایط اقلیمی) مقیاس ترتیبی؛ و سؤالات جمعیتشناختی (سن، تحصیلات، شغل، تعداد و جنس فرزندان) مقیاس اسمیاند. لالاییها (692 بیت) با مصاحبه با زنان میانسال و مسن، از شهر قاین و روستاهای اطراف جمعآوری، و پس از پیادهسازی و آوانویسی تحلیل شد. تحلیلهای کمّی و محتوایی نشان داد که در لالایی، مادران، مفاهیم و اعتقادات مذهبی را به کودکان منتقل، و شخصیتهای تأثیرگذار مکتبی را معرفی میکنند. نیز موقعیت اقتصادی- فرهنگی منطقه و دردهای خود را بازگو میکنند. البته، سن، موقعیت اجتماعی و تحصیلات مادران در انتخاب لالایی برای دختر یا پسر تأثیرگذار است.
Extended abstract 1. Introduction Oral literature including poetry, songs, lullabies, stories, anecdotes, proverbs and the like is being transferred from generation to generation in an unlettered way. The scholar's lack of interest in folk literature, particularly lullabies, has marginalized this kind of literary art as it is feared today that such works are gradually being forgotten and erased from their speaker`s memory. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to recording and analyzing this part of oral culture which leads to accurately understanding the culture of the people in terms of its various subcultures. Given the location of the city of Qa'in and due to its national and religious prejudices and also the love affairs and deprivations, it is observed that the women of Qa`in console themselves with these folk lullabies. 2. Theoretical framework The present research is carried out within the framework of the analytical-qualitative method. Research variables (gender, religious-cultural themes, women's social status, and climatic conditions) are of a descriptive scale and demographic questions (age, level of education, occupation of respondents, and the number of children (daughters and sons)) are numerical variables. 3. Methodology Due to the fact that all the women inhabitant in the city of Qa`in have been selected as the research community and since providing a complete list ofpopulation was not accessible, the methods of “non-probable judgment” and “available sampling” have been used. The sample size was 50 determined through the following formula: n = (e: Estimation accuracy or maximum error limit is considered to be 0.15 in this study). Data gathering was carried out through fieldwork using both a researcher-made questionnaire and a personal interview by the researcher. Most of the interviewees encompassed middle-aged and elderly women from both the township and the surrounding villages. The result of one-year research effort in collecting lullabies compiled 692 bits analyzed as the research data. To analyze the data, the collected lullabies were coded, categorized in the same sense, and then all the implied concepts were noted. Possessing the extracted concepts, the researcher returned to the field of research in order to collect other lullabies as far as there remained no new concept of lullabies. Subsequently, concepts which categorized a common theme in a category were categorized and analyzed eventually. 4. Results and discussion The quantitative and content analysis of the extant lullabies of Qa`in showed that the Qa`ini mothers have far transmitted their ideas, thoughts and religious beliefs to their children in the form of lullabies along with reflecting the economic and cultural situation of the region and also their own pains. We argued that the contents of the lullabies portray the beauty of nature, the personality traits, the family and social problems of women and the mother's wishes for their children. In addition, we demonstrated that the mothers' age and their social status and education are also effective in choosing the lullabies they sing for their daughters or sons. The results showed that the most frequent lullabies clearly manifest the following subjects: 1) the social status of women 2) the religious themes 3) the cultural and climatic conditions and 4) the gender.The descriptive results of gender variable represented that the relationship between gender and age is a direct relationship, while inverse for education, job and the number of children. Furthermore, there was a direct relationship between age and religious themes in lullabies and also between the employment of women and religious themes. As part of the analysis, it was demonstrated that there was no relationship between education and religious themes in lullabies and between the number of children and religious themes.It was also exhibited that there was direct relationship between age and social status of women in lullabies and also between education and social status of women, while there was inverse relationship between the women's occupation and the number of children with social status of women. 5. Conclusions & Suggestions The lullabies identified in the study depicted that there was a direct relationship among age, and the climatic and cultural conditions and also between the employment of women and the number of children with climatic and cultural conditions. Interestingly, our project showed that there was no relationship among education and climatic and cultural conditions in lullabies. Moreover, the results of Friedman test represented that there is a significant difference between the mean of effective variables on the content of lullabies whilst the highest priority was given to gender, religious themes, women's social status, and cultural and climatic conditions.
خلاصه ماشینی:
پايايي پرسشنامۀ بررسي لالاييهاي قاين از منظر جامعه شناسي زبان متغير شماره سؤالات تعداد سؤالات آلفاي کرونباخ سطح مطلوبيت کل پرسشنامه ١-٢٥ ٢٥ ٠/٨٦ خوب جنسيت ٩-١ ٩ ٠/٩٤ خوب مضامين ديني و ١٥-١٠ ٦ ٠/٦٨ متوسط فرهنگي موقعيت اجتماعي زنان ٢٢-١٦ ٧ ٠/٨٣ خوب شرايط اقليمي ٢٥-٢٣ ٣ ٠/٨٤ خوب ميانگين سن نمونۀ آماري، حدودا ٦١ بود.
نتايج آزمون فريدمن جهت اولويت بندي متغيرهاي پژوهش ميانگين تعداد درجۀ سطح متغيرهاي مؤثر بر مضامين لالاييها آماره کاي-مربع رتبه نمونه آزادي معنيداري جنسيت ٣/١١ مضامين ديني ٢/٥٤ 0/000 3 19/84 50 موقعيت اجتماعي زنان ٢/٣٦ شرايط فرهنگي و اقليمي ١/٩٩ نتايج آزمون فريدمن نشان داد بين رتبۀ ميانگين متغيرهاي مـؤثر بـر مضـامين لالايـيهـا تفاوت معنيداري وجـود دارد (سـطح معنـيداري ٠/٠٠٠ کمتـر از ٠/٠٥ اسـت ).
تحليل محتواي لالاييهاي زنان قايني فراواني کدهاي فراواني درصد رديف کدهاي اصلي کدهاي فرعي اصلي کدهاي فرعي فراواني شکار پرندگان ٣ ٤% شرايط فرهنگي و 1 ٦٤ حاصلخيزي زمين هاي اقليمي %87 56 زراعي بارش باران ٥ ٨% نگراني دربارة يار (همسر) ٥٠ ٣٣% موقعيت اجتماعي نگراني دربارة فرزندان ٣٤ ٢٣% 149 2 زنان نگراني و دغدغه هاي %44 65 فردي زنان پسر ٥ ١٦% ٣ جنسيت ٣٢ دختر ٢٧ ٨٤% ياد خدا ٥٢ ٤٨% جنگ صلحي و قومي ١٤ ١٣% مفاهيم تاريخي ٢ ٢% ٤ مضامين ديني ١٠٨ مفاهيم مذهبي ٣٥ ٣٢% سنت هاي عروس و %5 5 دامادي فراواني و تکرار هر عنصر در لالاييها، نشان دهندة اهميت آن در جامعه است .
sære kouhe bolæn pænj pænjeye šir / хæbær umæd ke yârom хorde šæmšir 7.
sære kouhe bolæn pænj pænjeye šir / хæbær umæd ke delbær хorde šæmšir 23.