نویسنده مسئول: مرادی، شهرزاد ؛
نویسنده: قدرتی میرکوهی، مهدی ؛ حیاتی، مژگان ؛
روان شناسی پیری پاییز 1398 - شماره 18 رتبه الف (وزارت علوم/ISC (21 صفحه - از 179 تا 199 )
افزایش افسردگی و احساس تنهایی و همچنین کاهش سازگاری اجتماعی از رایجترین حالات روانشناختی در سالمندان است که میتواند واکنشهای احتمالی متعددی به دنبال داشته باشد. بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف اثربخشی فنون مرور زندگی بر سازگاری اجتماعی، انسجام و یکپارچگی و احساس تنهایی سالمندان انجام شد. طرح پژوهش از نوع پیشآزمون-پسآزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه زنان سالمند مقیم مراکز روزانه سالمندان شهر خرم آباد در سال 1398 بوده است. نمونهگیری به روش هدفمند بر روی کل افرادی که از مجموع جامعه آماری واجد شرایط بودند صورت گرفت. پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه سازگاری اجتماعی بل، انسجام و یکپارچگی فلنسبرگ و احساس تنهایی دهشیری و همکاران، تعداد 30 نفر با کمترین امتیاز در هر مولفه به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (هر گروه 15 نفر) قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش با فنون مرور زندگیهایت و وبستر در6 جلسه 90 دقیقهای قرار گرفتند. در نهایت برای دو گروه پسآزمون اجرا شد. همچنین پس از یک ماه بر روی گروه آزمایش آزمون پیگیری صورت گرفت. سپس دادهها با آزمون آماری تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیره در نسخه 22 نرم افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج تحلیل دادهها نشان داد درمان مرور زندگی بر کاهش احساس تنهایی، افزایش سازگاری اجتماعی و انسجام و یکپارچگی در سالمندان موثر است (0/001>p). در این درمان با یادآوری خاطرات گذشته، از انزوا و احساس تنهایی در سالمندان کاسته شده و با تجدید حس استقلال و خودپیروی، انسجام و یکپارچگی در آنها افزایش مییابد و در یک فرایند بهبودبخش، درگیر مرور و بازبینی سختیها و سستیهای زندگی خود میشوند و رها شدن از نشخوارهای فکری و حل تعارضات قدیمی، به بهبود سازگاری اجتماعی در آنها می انجامد. با توجه به اینکه این درمان برای سالمندان شناخته شده تر و ملموستر است می تواند به عنوان یک رویکرد درمانی جایگزین یا درمان تکمیلی در مشاوره سالمندان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Increased depression and feelings of loneliness as well as decreased social adjustment are among the most common psychological states in the elderly that may lead to several possible reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of life-reviewing techniques on social adjustment, coherence and integration, and loneliness in elders. The research included pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted all elderly women living in day care centers in Khorramabad in 2019. Purposeful sampling was performed on all statistical population individuals eligible to the study. After completing Bell's social adjustment questionnaire, Flensberg's coherence and integrity, and Dehshiri et al.'s sense of loneliness, 30 subjects with the lowest scores in each component were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received 6 sessions of 90-minute training with the review techniques of Haight and Webster. Finally, posttest was administered to both groups. A follow-up test was also performed on the experimental group after one month. Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis in SPSS software version 22. The results of data analysis showed that life review therapy was effective to reduce loneliness, social adjustment and coherence and integration in the elderly (P Journal of Rehabilitation, 16 (3), 262-269. [Persian] Abdollahzadeh, H., & khabbazi, M. (2017). Effectiveness of integrative reminiscence on health anxiety, death depression and perceived stress in elderly. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 6(22), 101-114. [Persian] Abolghasemi, A., zahed, F., & narimani, M. (2009). The correlation of sense of coherence and type-D personality with health in coronary artery patients. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 11(43), 213-222. 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