چکیده:
شهرکهای صنعتی با وجود دستاوردهای خود، تأثیرات مخربی بر محیط زیست داشتهاند و گاهی به موضوعات مرتبط با رفاه اجتماعی توجه نکردهاند؛ بنابراین، طراحی آنها باید متناسب با اهداف توسعۀ پایدار و اصول اکولوژیک بهبود یابد. یکی از اقدامات مؤثر در این زمینه، پیادهسازی شبکههای همزیستی صنعتی است. شبکههای همزیستی، مجموعهای از صنایع است که با هدف اشتراکگذاری ضایعات هر صنعت بهعنوان مادۀ اولیۀ صنعت دیگر در کنار هم قرار گرفته است و امکان تبادل انرژی و مواد را فراهم میآورد. در این پژوهش، یک مدل برنامهریزی عدد صحیح مختلط دوهدفه برای بهینهسازی شبکههای همزیستی ارائه شده است که بهطور همزمان، انتقال ضایعات و مواد اولیۀ جامد، مایع و گاز را فراهم میکند. هدف اول، حداقلسازی هزینههای اقتصادی اجرای شبکه و صنایع مشترک در آن و هدف دوم، حداکثرسازی رفاه اجتماعی را فراهم میآورد. بعد محیط زیستی با محدودیتهای مدل کنترل میشود. برای اعتبارسنجی مدل پیشنهادی، به پیادهسازی آن بر یکی از شهرکهای صنعتی استان البرز اقدام شده است. برای حل مدل از روش اپسیلون محدودیت استفاده شده است که نتایج خروجی نشان میدهد، حجم ضایعات بدون استفاده و هزینههای صنایع در شرایط همزیستی نسبت به پیش از آن کاهش یافته است. همچنین، ایجاد 23 فرصت شغلی ازجمله مزایای بهبود سطح اجتماعی است.
Purpose: Despite their achievements, the industrial parks have had a devastating effect on the environment and sometimes did not address social welfare issues. Therefore, it is necessary to improve their design based on the characteristics of sustainable development and ecological principles. One of the effective measures in this regard is Industrial Symbiosis (IS). It is a set of plants that come together to exchange the waste of each plant as the raw material of another plant. Although several models have been presented for optimization of water or energy exchange, one of the purposes of this research is to simultaneously exchange raw materials and waste in solid, liquid, and gas types. Considering the social characteristic of sustainable development is another necessity of this research that is less discussed. Also, a significant portion of the waste needs to be recycled and cannot be exchanged directly between plants. Therefore, another purpose of this research is to increase the productivity of the model by considering material flow between plants and recovery centers, which did not exist in previous models. Design/methodology/approach: In this research, a two-objective mixed-integer linear programming model is presented considering the characteristics of sustainable development, which simultaneously enables the exchange of all raw materials and waste. Provide exchanges of recyclable waste via recovery centers are other strengths of the proposed model. The first objective is to minimize the economic costs of the IS network, and the second objective is to maximize social welfare. The environmental characteristic is also controlled by model constraints. Finally, to validate the proposed model, it has been implemented in one of the industrial parks of Alborz province. Also, to solve the model, the ε-Constraint method has been used. Findings: According to the output results of the model, most of the plant's waste has replaced the input raw materials of other plants. While before IS, all plant waste was disposed and all input materials were supplied through fresh materials. Therefore, the findings of the proposed model are as follows: Reducing the volume of disposed and useless plant waste and its costs. Reducing the volume of fresh input raw materials plants and its costs. creation of 23 job opportunities through the establishment of centers to recover. Compensation for lost working days due to the reduction of environmental pollutants to achieve the social characteristics of sustainable development. Improving the characteristics of sustainable development in the industrial park compared to before IS. Research limitations/implications: This research, like other studies, has assumptions and limitations in model development. For example, the transmission path of all three types of material and waste is considered the same. The possibility of switching between situations and using the waste of recovery centers has not been considered. Also, the expectations of the park and the plants are considered in an integrated manner. Therefore, the following suggestions are proposed to improve and develop the model in future researches: • Design of IS network using bi-level models • Development of a model for the use of waste from the recovery center; For example, methane gas or sludge treatment plant • Model development by considering seasonal plants through reliability inventory models and intermittent flows. • Development of a model for locating and allocating unusable waste in the current network to the new plant. • Development of model based on the different transmission paths for material and waste flow in solid, liquid, and gaseous according to the research assumption 3. Practical implications: One of the most important applications of this paper is to simultaneous optimization of exchange material and waste in three types of solid, liquid, and gaseous in IS network to achieve the characteristics of sustainable development. Also, reduce the cost of input material and waste disposal compared before IS are the economic achievements of this research. Social implications: One of the aims of this paper is to reduce the environmental and social impact of the industrial park to achieve the characteristics of sustainable development. For example, reducing the volume of fresh input raw materials and disposed waste plants, and job creation are the environmental and social benefits of this paper. Originality/value: The innovations of this research include the following: Simultaneous optimization of material and waste flow in three types: solid, liquid, and gaseous Considering the social characteristic of sustainable development Consider the exchange between recovery centers and plants to use the waste in need of recovery
خلاصه ماشینی:
در اين پژوهش ، يک مدل برنامه ريزي عدد صحيح مختلط دوهدفه براي بهينه سـازي شـبکه هـاي همزيستي ارائه شده است که به طور هم زمان ، انتقال ضايعات و مواد اوليـۀ جامـد، مـايع و گـاز را فـراهم ميکند.
چکيده : واژه هاي کليدي: پارکهاي صنعتي اکولوژيک ، همزيستي صنعتي ، توسعۀ پايدار، بهينـه سـازي چندهدفـه ، برنامه ريزي عدد صحيح مختلط ، اپسيلون محدوديت *نويسنده مسؤول ١- مقدمه شهرکهاي صنعتي با ايجاد زيرساخت اقتصادي، امکان رشد فّناوري و نوآوري ها را فراهم ميکنند و نقش مهمي در توسعۀ اقتصادي دارند؛ اما اين دستاوردهاي اقتصادي، اغلب بدون در نظر گرفتن کيفيـت محـيط زيسـت و رفـاه اجتماعي است و باعث آسيب هاي جدي به جامعه و محيط زيست ميشود که ازجملۀ آنها به مصرف بيروّيۀ منـابع 1 طبيعي، انتشار گازهاي گلخانه اي ، گرمايش زمين و بيماريهاي روحي و جسمي افـراد مـيتـوان اشـاره کـرد (لئـو وبايي٢، ٢٠١٨؛ گنس ٣، کاپلوين ٤، ادريس ٥ و همکاران ، ٢٠١٩)؛ بنابراين ، طراحي شهرک هاي صنعتي بايـد بـا الهـام از روابط اکولوژيک طبيعي انجام ميشود؛ به گونه اي که موجب کمترين آثار مخرب بر طبيعت و جوامـع انسـاني شـود (ادوير٦، چن ٧، وانگ ٨ و همکاران ، ٢٠٢٠).
٣- روش شناسي پژوهش در اين پژوهش ، مدل برنامه ريزي عدد صحيح مختلط دوهدفه براي بهينه سازي انتقالات در شبکه هاي همزيسـتي و مکان يابي مراکز بازيابي ضايعات ارائه شده است .
«Industrial Symbiosis Optimization Control Model for the exchanges of the material/energy flows in an industrial production park».
«Fuzzy optimization of a waste-to- energy network system in an eco-industrial park».