چکیده:
امروزه نیاز به مدارا و تحمل عقاید و فرهنگ گروه های مختلف بیش از پیش احساس می شود، چراکه تنوع در زمینه های مختلف به حدی رسیده که بدون داشتن حداقلی از مدارای اجتماعی زندگی کردن غیر ممکن خواهد بود. در این تحقیق با تکیه بر نظریات پاتنام و فوکویاما، به طور خاص به بررسی تاثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر مدارا نسبت به مجرمان در شهر ساری پرداخته ایم. . برای بررسی مدارا نسبت به مجرمان از تقسیم-بندی کینگ استفاده شده است. جامعهی آماری این پژوهش کلیهی جوانان 35-18 سال شهر ساری بوده که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 400 نفر از آنها با نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدهاند؛ همچنین دادههای مورد نیاز تحقیق از طریق ابزار پرسشنامه به روش میدانی گردآوری شده است. تحلیل داده نیز به وسیلهی نرمافزارهای SPSSو Amos انجام گردیده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد سازه اعتماد با دو بعد اعتماد عام و اعتماد بین شخص و سازه روابط با دو بعد روابط رسمی و روابط غیر رسمی بر مدارا نسبت به مجرمان تاثیر مثبت و معنی داشته اند.در نهایت مدل ساختاری تحقیق توانسته است 24 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته (مدارا نسبت به مجرمان) را تبیین کند.در نهایت مدل ساختاری تحقیق توانسته است 24 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته (مدارا نسبت به مجرمان) را تبیین کند.
Nowadays toleration toward different groups’ beliefs and cultures is needed more than ever. This is because variety in different contexts has reached a level that life without having a minimum of social toleration will be impossible. In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on toleration toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama. King categorization was used in evaluation of toleration toward criminals. Statistical society in this study was all 18-35 years old young people in the city of Sari. Using Cochran Formula 400 of them was chosen by applying multi-level cluster sampling. The data needed in this study was also gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using “SPSS” and “Amos” software. The results suggested that the structure of trust with two dimensions of “General trust” and “Inter-personal trust” and the structure of relations with two dimensions of “Formal relations” and “Informal relations” had a positive and significant effect on toleration toward criminals. Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals).Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals). Nowadays toleration toward different groups’ beliefs and cultures is needed more than ever. This is because variety in different contexts has reached a level that life without having a minimum of social toleration will be impossible. In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on toleration toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama. King categorization was used in evaluation of toleration toward criminals. Statistical society in this study was all 18-35 years old young people in the city of Sari. Using Cochran Formula 400 of them was chosen by applying multi-level cluster sampling. The data needed in this study was also gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using “SPSS” and “Amos” software. The results suggested that the structure of trust with two dimensions of “General trust” and “Inter-personal trust” and the structure of relations with two dimensions of “Formal relations” and “Informal relations” had a positive and significant effect on toleration toward criminals. Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals).Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals). Nowadays toleration toward different groups’ beliefs and cultures is needed more than ever. This is because variety in different contexts has reached a level that life without having a minimum of social toleration will be impossible. In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on toleration toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama. King categorization was used in evaluation of toleration toward criminals. Statistical society in this study was all 18-35 years old young people in the city of Sari. Using Cochran Formula 400 of them was chosen by applying multi-level cluster sampling. The data needed in this study was also gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using “SPSS” and “Amos” software. The results suggested that the structure of trust with two dimensions of “General trust” and “Inter-personal trust” and the structure of relations with two dimensions of “Formal relations” and “Informal relations” had a positive and significant effect on toleration toward criminals. Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals).Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals). Nowadays toleration toward different groups’ beliefs and cultures is needed more than ever. This is because variety in different contexts has reached a level that life without having a minimum of social toleration will be impossible. In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on toleration toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama. King categorization was used in evaluation of toleration toward criminals. Statistical society in this study was all 18-35 years old young people in the city of Sari. Using Cochran Formula 400 of them was chosen by applying multi-level cluster sampling. The data needed in this study was also gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using “SPSS” and “Amos” software. The results suggested that the structure of trust with two dimensions of “General trust” and “Inter-personal trust” and the structure of relations with two dimensions of “Formal relations” and “Informal relations” had a positive and significant effect on toleration toward criminals. Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals).Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals). Nowadays toleration toward different groups’ beliefs and cultures is needed more than ever. This is because variety in different contexts has reached a level that life without having a minimum of social toleration will be impossible. In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on toleration toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama. King categorization was used in evaluation of toleration toward criminals. Statistical society in this study was all 18-35 years old young people in the city of Sari. Using Cochran Formula 400 of them was chosen by applying multi-level cluster sampling. The data needed in this study was also gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using “SPSS” and “Amos” software. The results suggested that the structure of trust with two dimensions of “General trust” and “Inter-personal trust” and the structure of relations with two dimensions of “Formal relations” and “Informal relations” had a positive and significant effect on toleration toward criminals. Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals).Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals).
خلاصه ماشینی:
جامعه ي آماري اين پژوهش کليه ي جوانان ٣٥-١٨ سال شهر ساري بوده که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران ، ٤٠٠ نفر از آن ها با نمونه گيري خوشه اي چندمرحله اي انتخاب شده اند؛ همچنين داده هاي مورد نياز تحقيق از طريق ابزار پرسشنامه به روش ميداني گردآوري شده است .
براي مثال در تحقيقات نسي 1-tolerance/toleration 2-UNESCO 3-Dennis Yeates 4-social capital داينين ١ (٢٠٠١)، سيگلر و ژوسلين ٢ (٢٠٠٢)، ايکدا٣ (٢٠٠٢)، چلبي (١٣٨٣)، عسگري و شارع پور (١٣٨٨: ٩٨-٦٤)، آقابخشي و همکاران (١٣٨٨)، جهانگيري (١٣٩٠)، گلابي (١٣٩٢)، شريفي (١٣٩٢)، به طرق مختلف اشاره شد کهبين مشارکت در شبکه هاي غيررسمي سياسي و شبکه هاي رسمي، امنيت و اعتماد اجتماعي با مدارا رابطه مثبت و معني داري وجود دارد.
به طور کلي اين تحقيقات نشان داد افرادي که داراي سرمايه ي اجتماعي بيشتري هستند، براي مثال افرادي که پيوندهاي رسمي و غيررسمي و يا ميزان اعتماد بين شخصي قوي دارند انتظار مي رود که روحيه سازش پذير بيشتري از خود در روابط با ديگران نشان دهند.
چارچوب نظري پژوهش در اين مقاله براي بررسي تأثير سرمايه اجتماعي بر مدارا نسبت به مجرمان از نظريه هاي پاتنام و فوکوياما استفاده شده است .
تعريف مفاهيم الف ) تعريف متغير وابسته در اين تحقيق براي بررسي مداراي اجتماعي و به طور خاص مدارا نسبت به مجرمان از تقسيم - بندي کينگ استفاده شده است .
In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on toleration toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama.