چکیده:
بیان مسئله: گشتالت یک نظریه روانشناسی است که چگونگی ادراک بصری توسط مغز انسان را توضیح می دهد. در حقیقت ذهن در نگاه نخست بهجای درک جزءبهجزء یک تصویر در صدد است که یک کلیت از آن ارائه دهد. قوانین پراگنانس از اصول گشتالت و ادراک دیداری است که یکی از بهترین شیوه های مطالعاتی برای پژوهش حوزه کتاب آرایی است. قانون پراگنانس از هشت اصل برخوردار است که میتوان از آن در هنر نگارگری بهره برد. هنر نگارگری یکی از بهترین تصویرگری-هایی است که قابلیتهای بصری و روانشناختی هوشمندی را می توان مورد بررسی قرار داد. هدف مقاله: پژوهش پیش رو ضمن معرفی قابلیتهای روانشناسی گشتالت در تحلیل عناصر تصویری، به بررسی سه نگاره منتخب از نگارگری مکتب هرات از شاهنامه بایسنقری پرداخته و سپس چگونگی ادراک و شناخت الگوهای بصری در اجزاء نگاره ها را با بهره گیری از قوانین گشتالت مورد تشریح قرار می دهد.روش پژوهش/سؤالات پژوهش: شیوة مطالعاتی پژوهش بهصورت توصیفی - تحلیلی بوده و اطلاعات با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای و اینترنتی گردآوری شده است. این پژوهش در جهت پاسخ به دو سؤال اساسی انجام یافته است: قوانین و اصول ادراک بصری روانشناسان گشتالت، تا چه میزان در تحلیل عناصر بصری موجود در نگاره های منتخب می تواند کاربرد داشته باشد؟ عملکرد قوانین پراگنانس در نگاره های منتخب از مکتب هرات چگونه است؟نتیجه گیری: استنتاج پژوهش حاضر از نظریه گشتالت بیان می کند که این نگره، دربارة ادراک دیداری، معنای الگوی بصری و چگونگی عمل ارگانیسم انسان در دیدن و سازماندهی بصری، نتایج ارزنده ای ارائه کرده است که باعث دریافت دقیق ویژگی-های شناختی در ساختار فرمی نگاره ها می گردد.
Problem statement: A psychological theory of how visual perception by the human brain explains. In fact, the mind at first glance, instead of understanding the details of a picture, is a percentage that presents a whole. Pergnan's law is one of the principles of Gestalt and visual perception, which is one of the best study methods for research in the field of book design. Pergnan's law is one of the eight principles that can be used in the art of painting. The art of painting is one of the best illustrations in which intelligent visual and psychological capabilities can be examined.Objective: The present study, while introducing the capabilities of Gestalt psychology in the analysis of visual elements, examines three selected paintings from the Herat school from the Shahnameh of Baysanghari and then explains how to perceive and recognize visual patterns in the components using Gestalt laws.Research Method / Questions: In this research, qualitative research method has been used. Therefore, according to the paintings of the Herat period, from the illustrated copies of this period, the Shahnameh of Baysanghari and its three paintings with structural themes (architecture, war and hunting), as the main features for applying Gestalt patterns, visual analysis Done. The most important thing in this research is the study of Gestalt laws in other image sources that are cited in the research process. Therefore, in order to do this, in addition to studying library resources, Internet resources have also been used. It can be said that the present research is descriptive-analytical. The approach of the present study is based on structuralism. Research study methods are descriptive-analytical and information has been collected using library and Internet resources. This research has been done in response to two basic questions: The rules and principles of visual perception of Gestalt psychologists, to what extent can it be used in the analysis of visual elements in selected images? What is the function of Pergnance rules in selected paintings from Herat school?Conclusion: The conclusion of the present study from Gestalt theory states that this view, about visual perception, the meaning of visual pattern and how the human organism acts in seeing and visually organizing, the desired results are presented that make the characteristic clear. Cognitive aspects in the formal structure of drawings. A qualitative study of the Gestalt laws in the drawings requires the presentation of quantitative results in the form of tables and graphs that help us to recognize the presence of these rules in the drawings. Since the field of study in this research is to identify the visual features hidden in the components of the drawings, first the theoretical issues of Gestalt theory and then the modeling of visual examples from the principle of Gestalt law and context have been studied. But the main focus of the present study is analysis and inferences that are the result of visual studies based on Gestalt principles and their adaptation in three drawings of Baysanghari Shahnameh which narrates three different topics (architecture, war and hunting). , Are shown in the form of percentage tables and graphs and the result of the analysis is distributed with the criterion of selecting the number of images. Therefore, according to these results, the strongest application of the Gestalt principle has its own form and context. Visual studies based on Gestalt principles and their adaptation in three drawings of Baysanghari Shahnameh, which narrates three different topics (architecture, war and hunting), are shown in the form of percentage tables and graphs and the result of the analysis is measured. Select the number of images distributed.