چکیده:
پدافند غیرعامل که در برنامه ریزی بحران شهری رویکرد نوینی به شمار می آید، ماهیت وجودی اش بر کاهش آثار بحران با استفاده از روش های غیرنظامی استوار است. در این راستا رعایت اصول پدافند غیرعامل در برابر تهدیدات از ابتداییترین اصول در جهت دستیابی به استانداردهای مطلوب آسایش شهری است و اصولاً توجه به دفاع غیر عامل شهرها در مقابل تهدیدات خارجی امری است که از آغاز شکل گیری شهرها همواره مورد توجه بوده است. یکی از عناصر اصلی موجود در شهر که در بحث مدیریت پدافند غیرعامل به ویژه در زمان بعد از بحران بسیار اهمیت دارد فضاهای عمومی شهری هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مدل علی مکان سازی فضاهای عمومی شهری با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل انجام شد این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی میباشد، جامعهی آماری این پژوهش را خبرگان و کارشناسان تشکیل میدادند. خبرگان به روش گلوله برفی و از میان اساتید دانشگاهی و پژوهشگران فعال انتخاب شدند. حجم نمونه آماری پژوهش را 25 نفر از کارشناسان و متخصصان برنامهریزی شهری تشکیل دادهاند. بهمنظور دستیابی به هدف پژوهش از فن دیمتل فازی استفاده شد. یافتههای حاصل از پژوهش نشاندهنده آن بود که بر اساس مقادیر D-R، از بین معیارهای ده گانه شناسایی شده، معیار دسترسی به معابر اصلی با مقدار (034/1) تأثیرگذارترین معیار مکان سازی فضاهای عمومی شهری با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل بود. همچنین بر اساس مقادیر D+R، معیار تراکم ساختمانی با مقدار 908/2 به عنوان با اهمیتترین معیار شناسایی شد. از دیگر نتایج این پژوهش با توجه به مقادیر D-R بدست آمده، از بین معیارهای ده گانه مورد بررسی قرار گیری شش معیار در گروه علت و چهار معیار در گروه معلول اشاره نمود.
Passive defense, which is a new approach in urban crisis planning, its nature is based on reducing the effects of the crisis using civilian methods. In this regard, observing the principles of passive defense against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and in principle, attention to passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of cities. One of the main elements in the city that is very important in the discussion of passive defense management, especially in the post-crisis period, is urban public spaces. The aim of this study was to identify the causal model of urban public spaces with passive defense approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts. Experts were selected by snowball method from among university professors and active researchers. The statistical sample size of the research is 25 urban planning experts and specialists. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that based on D-R values, among the ten criteria identified, the criterion of access to main thoroughfares with a value of (1.034) was the most effective criterion for locating urban public spaces with a passive defense approach. Also, based on D + R values, the building density criterion with a value of 2.908 was identified as the most important criterion. Among the other results of this study, according to the obtained D-R values, among the ten criteria examined, six criteria were considered in the cause group and four criteria in the disabled group.Passive defense, which is a new approach in urban crisis planning, its nature is based on reducing the effects of the crisis using civilian methods. In this regard, observing the principles of passive defense against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and in principle, attention to passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of cities. One of the main elements in the city that is very important in the discussion of passive defense management, especially in the post-crisis period, is urban public spaces. The aim of this study was to identify the causal model of urban public spaces with passive defense approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts. Experts were selected by snowball method from among university professors and active researchers. The statistical sample size of the research is 25 urban planning experts and specialists. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that based on D-R values, among the ten criteria identified, the criterion of access to main thoroughfares with a value of (1.034) was the most effective criterion for locating urban public spaces with a passive defense approach. Also, based on D + R values, the building density criterion with a value of 2.908 was identified as the most important criterion. Among the other results of this study, according to the obtained D-R values, among the ten criteria examined, six criteria were considered in the cause group and four criteria in the disabled group.Passive defense, which is a new approach in urban crisis planning, its nature is based on reducing the effects of the crisis using civilian methods. In this regard, observing the principles of passive defense against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and in principle, attention to passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of cities. One of the main elements in the city that is very important in the discussion of passive defense management, especially in the post-crisis period, is urban public spaces. The aim of this study was to identify the causal model of urban public spaces with passive defense approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts. Experts were selected by snowball method from among university professors and active researchers. The statistical sample size of the research is 25 urban planning experts and specialists. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that based on D-R values, among the ten criteria identified, the criterion of access to main thoroughfares with a value of (1.034) was the most effective criterion for locating urban public spaces with a passive defense approach. Also, based on D + R values, the building density criterion with a value of 2.908 was identified as the most important criterion. Among the other results of this study, according to the obtained D-R values, among the ten criteria examined, six criteria were considered in the cause group and four criteria in the disabled group.