چکیده:
امروزه، مقولة امنیت شهری بهویژه در فضاهای عمومی مانند پارکها و فضاهای سبز، که همواره مأمنی برای آرامش و تفریح شهروندان است، حائز اهمیت بسیاری است. زیرا شهروند در مقصد مورد نظر اگر احساس امنیت نکند، گذران اوقات فراغتش را در خانه، به رفتن به فضاهای سبز، ترجیح خواهد داد. در پژوهش حاضر، نظر به اهمیت موضوع فوق، به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر احساس ناامنی در پارکهای ناحیهای شهر یزد پرداخته شده است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی است و از نظر روش تحقیق رویکردی اکتشافی و توصیفی- تحلیلی دارد. جامعة آماری پژوهش را شهروندان ساکن در شهر یزد (529673 نفر) تشکیل میدهند که از میان آنها 384 شهروند بهعنوان حجم نمونه و بهصورت تصادفی ساده در سطح پارکهای ناحیهای شهر یزد در دو مرحله (مصاحبة نیمهساختاریافته با شهروندان در مرحلة اول در جهت شناسایی نماگرهای اثرگذاری بر احساس ناامنی و تکمیل پرسشنامه در جهت عاملبندی نماگرها و بررسی میزان اثر هر عامل در مرحلة دوم) انتخاب شدهاند. در این پژوهش برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از یافتههای کیفی (تحلیل محتوای مصاحبهها در نرمافزار تحلیل کیفی مکس کیودا) و کمی (تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی) استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش، 27 نماگر در قالب 5 عامل مؤثر بر احساس ناامنی در پارکهای ناحیهای توسط جامعة میزبان شناسایی و وزندهی شد. از میان عاملهای مورد بررسی، عدم مطلوبیت زیرساختهای نظامی- انتظامی با مقدار ویژة 179/10 و درصد واریانس 699/42 مهمترین عامل مؤثر بر احساس ناامنی شهروندان و عامل محدودکنندة فردی- اجتماعی با مقدار ویژة 449/1 و درصد واریانس 367/5 کماهمیتترین عامل بوده است.
Exploratory Analysis of Factors Affecting Insecurity in Urban Green Spaces(Case Study: Yazd Regional Parks)IntroductionThe presence of security in a place of recreation is one of the most important parameters in decision making for visiting and spending leisure time in that place. On the other hand, the lack of security not only does not lead people to public places, promenades and walkways, but because of the lack of presence and isolation of these places, crime and its dimensions are spreading in these places, and therefore it is said that between security And the amount of citizens' return to public and recreational places remains a two-way and complementary relationship. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study aims to identify and investigate the factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in the regional parks of Yazd city based on the opinion of the host community. Firstly, parks are one of the most prominent public spaces in the city and the most important components of urban, human and natural bodies, which, due to the overcoming of the green space element, attract the population and provide the ground for social interaction and spending leisure time in terms of recreation, entertainment, sports, study And relax and nature-oriented recreation, Secondly, experience has proven that one of the most important ways of developing and improving in every field is identifying barriers and factors that affect the lack of achievement.MethodologyThe present study was conducted with exploratory and descriptive-analytical approach and using field and documentary studies to explore and investigate the factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in regional parks in Yazd. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 Yazdi citizens who were randomly selected at the level of Yazd district parks in two stages (Semi-structured interview with citizens in the first stage) to identify the indicators affecting the feeling of insecurity and complete the questionnaire for factorization and survey The effect of each factor in the second stage is selected. In this research, qualitative findings (content analysis of interviews in Max Kido's qualitative analysis software) and quantitative (exploratory factor analysis) were used to analyze the information.Result and discussionAccording to the results of the five identified factors, 86.201 % of the total variance of factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in the regional parks of Yazd city. First, it shows the comprehensiveness of the indicators identified by the interviewed community, and secondly, the emphasis of the statistical community on identified indicators as factors of insecurity in the parks studied. Based on the analysis, only 13.799 percent of the total variance was not calculated and was the result of other factors not identified by the statistical community of the interviewee. According to the results, the factor of the lack of utility of military-security infrastructure with a special value of 17.99 and 42.96% variance as the most important factor affecting the feeling of insecurity and the socio-individual factor with a special value of 1.449 and the percentage of variance of 36.75 as the least significant The agent has been identified. The incidence rate of anomalies, delinquency and mass with a special value of 35.34 and a 21.23% variance in the second place influenced on the feeling of insecurity in the regional parks of Yazd city based on the opinion of the host community and then the factors of the lack of utility standards with a specific amount of 2.923 and the percentage of variance was 10.826, and the physical-physical deprivation with a special value of 1.67 and a percentage of variance was 18.66. ConclusionThe study of safety and factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in public places, especially parks, is an essential requirement. This research was carried out in seven regional parks of Yazd city. In this regard, this research has identified and extracted the factors affecting insecurity in regional parks in Yazd city based on the viewpoint of the host community, based on which applied strategies to diminish these factors and improve the quality of safety in these parks. The results show that in terms of host society in Yazd city parks, 27 indicators in the form of five factors of the lack of utility of military-security infrastructure, the occurrence of anomalies, crime and crime, non-observance of standards, physical-physical factors and an individual-social limiting factor affecting Felt the insecurity of the citizens. According to the results, the factor of the inappropriate use of law enforcement infrastructure in regional parks in Yazd with a percentage of variance of 42.699 was the most important factor affecting the feeling of insecurity from the host society. This alone explains 42% of the indicators that affect the feelings of citizens' insecurity, which indicates the importance of this factor and the emphasis of the statistical community on it. In the second place, the effect of the incidence of anomalies, delinquency and crime rate with the variance rate of 21.23, which according to the experiences and interviews, is the causative factor of the first factor. In general, according to the results of research, the desirability of law enforcement infrastructure and the elimination of abnormalities in the level of parks in the Yazd city make up about 64% of the strategies affecting the sense of security in the parks in terms of citizens.In the second place, the effect of the incidence of anomalies, delinquency and crime rate with the variance rate of 21.23, which according to the experiences and interviews, is the causative factor of the first factor. In general, according to the results of research, the desirability of law enforcement infrastructure and the elimination of abnormalities in the level of parks in the Yazd city make up about 64% of the strategies affecting the sense of security in the parks in terms of citizens.
خلاصه ماشینی:
تحليل اکتشافي عوامل مؤثر بر احساس ناامني در فضاهاي سبز شهري (نمونۀ موردي: پارکهاي ناحيه اي شهر يزد) مهران فاطمي *١- استاديار گروه جغرافيا، دانشگاه ميبد، ميبد، ايران حجت رضايي - دکتراي جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي روستايي، دانشگاه تهران ، تهران ، ايران سعيده مؤيدفر - استاديار گروه جغرافيا، دانشگاه ميبد، ميبد، ايران تاريخ دريافت : ١٣٩٧/١٢/٢٤ تاريخ پذيرش : ١٣٩٩/٠٨/٠٧ چکيده امروزه ، مقولۀ امنيت شهري به ويژه در فضاهاي عمومي مانند پارکها و فضاهاي سبز، که همواره مأمني براي آرامش و تفريح شهروندان است ، حائز اهميت بسياري است .
جامعۀ آماري پژوهش را شهروندان ساکن در شهر يزد (٥٢٩٦٧٣ نفر) تشکيل ميدهند که از ميان آن ها ٣٨٤ شهروند به عنوان حجم نمونه و به صورت تصادفي ساده در سطح پارک هاي ناحيه اي شهر يزد در دو مرحله (مصاحبۀ نيمه ساختاريافته با شهروندان در مرحلۀ اول در جهت شناسايي نماگرهاي اثرگذاري بر احساس ناامني و تکميل پرسش نامه در جهت عامل بندي نماگرها و بررسي ميزان اثر هر عامل در مرحلۀ دوم ) انتخاب شده اند.
روش اين مطالعه بر پايۀ روش تحقيق کيفي با تکنيک مصاحبۀ نيمه ساختاريافته در شهر کوالالامپور بوده و يافته ها نشان ميدهد که مهم ترين مشخصه هايي که باعث ايجاد ترس و ناامني در ميان مراجعه کنندگان به پارکهاي شهري اين منطقه ميشود عبارت است از: اختفاي مکان با پوشش گياهي، تنهابودن ، نشانه هاي بينظمي فيزيکي، وجود خشونت اجتماعي، اطلاع قبلي از وجود جرم ، و تجربۀ پيشين .