خلاصه ماشینی:
"For this purpose, first, a welfare loss function is designed in which penalized on the quadratic deviation of objective variables such as: economic growth, inflation rate, unemployment, current account and the ratio of government budget deficit to GDP from their optimal control algorithm "OPTCON", the optimal values of government’s investment and consumption expenditures, tax revenues and money stock (liquidity) are calculated by minimizing the welfare loss function subject to a dynamic nonlinear system.
In this paper, time series annual data for the period 1997- 2001 are used to study the effect of changing the financing structure of budget on economic growth by the use of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), exogeneity test and super exogeneity test.
Overall, empirical results of equilibrium trade model for Iran reveal the fact that deviation from long-run equilibrium path of the real exchange rate has gradually diminished, even though it has been accompanied by correspondent fluctuations in Iran’s economic situation.
Keywords: Real Exchange Rate, Long-run Equilibrium Path, Equilibrium Trade Model, Potential Production, Desired Current Account, Optimal Trade Balance, Filtering Hodrick-Prescott Method.
Keywords: Inflation, Actual Tax Revenue, Tax Collection Lag, Price Elasticity and Tanzi Effect Extracting the Principles Ruling Imam Khomeini’s Opinion about Justice Hassan Sobhani Seyyed Mohammad Razavi In this paper, we investigate the concept of justice in Imam Khomeini’s opinion, who was the founder of the Islamic revolution in Iran."