چکیده:
ﺧﺎﻧﺪان ﭼﻚ در ﻋﻬﺪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ راﺟﻪ ﺳﻬﻪدﻳﻮ )107-027ﻫـ( ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ وﺷﺎﺧﻪای از آﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ رﻫﺒﺮی ﭘﺎﻧﺪوﭼﻚ در ﺗﺮاﻫﻪﮔﺎم ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و در ﻣﻘﺎم ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻲ و ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ اداریﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﻤﻴﺮی درآﻣﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ ورود ﻣﻴﺮﺷﻤﺲاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺮاﻗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮ، ﺑﻪﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻣﺎﻣﻴﻪ ﮔﺮوﻳﺪﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن و ﺳﻘﻮط ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻲﻣﺬﻫﺐاﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﺪان و ﻧﻘﺶ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آﻧﺎن را در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ روشﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ– ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺘﻮن ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ، ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه ﺑﻬﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﺷﺎﻫﻲ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﭼﻜﺎن ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪدوره ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ )269-399ﻫـ( ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪرﻏﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت وﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﺎت ﻣﻜﺮر ﻣﻐﻮﻻن ﻫﻨﺪ/ ﺑﺎﺑﺮﻳﺎن، ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﻂ اﻗﺘﺪار ﺧﻮﻳﺶ و اﻧﺠﺎم اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ، ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺗﺸﻴﻊ را در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﭼﻨﺎن ﮔﺴﺘﺮش دﻫﻨﺪ، ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﺮوز ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﺳﺖ.
خلاصه ماشینی:
" 641/ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ و ﺗﻤﺪن اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﺳﺎل ﻧﻬﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره ﻫﻔﺪﻫﻢ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 2931 اﻛﺒﺮﺷﺎه را ﺧﻮش ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪه و ﺑﺎ اﻋﺰام دو ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮ، ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﭼﻚ را ﺑﻪ درﺑﺎر ﺧﻮد ﻓﺮاﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺑﻮد؛1 اﻣﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﺎ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪ و اﻋﻼم آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﮔﻮرﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎوان ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮﻳﺎن در ﭘﻲ داﺷﺖ: ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺎن ﺣﻤﻠﻪ اﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮ )499ﻫـ( ﻧﺒﺮد ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ درﮔﺮﻓﺖ، وﻟﻲ ﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻫﻨﺪﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ، ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮﻳﺎن، ﻋﻘﺐﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﺎر ﺻﻠﺢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
com 8 /Abstracts Social-Cultural Factors in Forming District in Iranian-Islamic City and It’s Functions Abbas Bahri Moqaddam 1 Ph. D, Department of History & Civilization of Islamic Nations, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shahram Yousefifar Associated professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies Department of History, Tehran, Iran District as a social colony was a place for civilians to live.
com Tārīkh wa Tamaddun-i Islamī, No. 17, Spring & Summer 2013 Abstracts Semantic Net of Wadi in First Islamic Centuries Discourse Mehran Esmaeili1 Assistant Professor, Department of History & Civilization of Islamic Nations, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Translating the term wadi to different terms such as darreh, (valley), biyaban , desert, mantaqeh, region and sarzamin , land and recently masil and in some cases avoiding to translate it reveals that in spite of a long time of interaction between Persian and Arabic languages, there is no a definite equivalent for this term in Persian yet."