Аннотация:
Muslim philosophers all affirm reality of the external world. Farabi in his works، including Enumeration of the Sciences، Treatise on Intellect، Book of Letters، and Remarks on the Way of the felicity، which are the most famous works of him about epistemology، advances a detailed discussion on knowing and intellect، and in which he is influenced by Greeks philosophers. Farabi claims that the faculty of intellect has four hypostasis including Potential intellect، intellect in habitu، actual intellect، and acquired intellect. Some scholars think that Farabi develops this distinction on a neo-Platonic ground، especially on Alexander of Aphrodisias’ commentary. Similarly، Ibn Sina bring forward some definition of intellect in his writings which are every intellection is a kind of grasping intelligible forms in some certain ways; or، intellection is receiving the intelligible notions by cognitive faculty. For Avicenna، intellection and apprehension works through sensible and intellectual apprehension; i.e.، receiving the notion or idea of what is conceived. Nonetheless، he thinks improving the existence of external world is not possible by sensible apprehension alone، thus the intellection is needed for this goal. In this essay، epistemology of two Muslim philosophers، Farabi and Ibn Sina، is discussed، which is essential to understand Islamic epistemology.
Автоматическая аннотация:
Farabi, in his works including Ihsa al-Ulum, a Treatise on the Intellect, Kitab al-Huruf, and al-Tanbih ala Sabil al-Sa'ada, which are his most important works in epistemology, has provided a complete and comprehensive description of the theory of knowledge and the meaning of intellect, which is influenced by Greek philosophers.
From Avicenna's perspective, knowledge and cognition are obtained through sensory perception and intellectual perception; meaning that perception consists of the emergence of the form of what is perceived within the essence of the perceiver.
In this article, the author addresses the views of some Islamic sages and philosophers prior to Mulla Sadra and explains their perspectives regarding perception, knowledge, and how it is formed.
Ali Asghar Halabi, in the book "History of Iranian Philosophers," has stated regarding the subject of knowledge and recognition from Farabi's perspective: In the issue of identification, Plato advocates for recollection or remembrance, meaning he says: Before we came to this world, we had grasped the truths of things in the world of intelligibles or Forms; however, because we came to this dark dustbin, the dust of forgetfulness enveloped those truths.
Sheikh al-Ra'is (Ibn Sina) follows the Peripatetic school in this regard and considers perception to be of two types: sensory perception and intellectual perception, and in defining perception, he says: 'Perception consists of grasping the form of the perceived object in some way; thus, if perception is the perception of a material object, it is the grasping of its form in a manner abstracted from matter.
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