Özet:
Marginalization, as a spatial imbalance in population distribution, has created numerous problems for the country. In some societies, this phenomenon is a result of the natural pull of industrial, employment, welfare, and administrative poles, while in others, unemployment and poverty are the driving factors. These conditions have taken on even more critical forms in Iran, especially in desert provinces, due to their location in the dry belt. This trend has led to extensive migrations. These migrations have caused the creation of false employment and abnormalities in destination cities. Through field surveys, using sample data from 500 households and a mixed-methods research approach, this article analyzes the consequences resulting from this trend in the Workers' neighborhood in the city of Birjand. The results show that rural-to-urban migration, the weak financial capacity of the area's residents, combined with the inability of officials to organize this situation, has led to the emergence and formation of the studied margin and the occurrence of numerous abnormalities; such that many of these families suffer from poverty and deprivation. Most of them lack sanitary, recreational, and other facilities. In fact, the margin in question has caused the city of Birjand to become unsafe, and if this problem is not organized, it will lead to unsolvable crises.
Otomatik Özet:
Considering the investigations conducted on-site and utilizing the practical experiences obtained from various projects implemented at the national level and the theoretical background presented in the first section, the following hypotheses can be proposed: 1- Regional and extra-regional migrations to the city of Birjand have caused the emergence of the phenomenon of informal settlement.
In general, the reasons that act as precursors to the emergence and formation of marginalization and informal settlement at the micro level are as follows: 1- Weakness of sectoral and effective programs to respond to the shelter needs of low-income individuals in appropriate geographical distribution; 2- Failure to predict sufficient and appropriate residential space for low-income groups in urban physical plans and the application of standards beyond their means; 3- Negligible access to formal credit systems and housing loans for low-income individuals, especially those employed in the informal sector; 4- The existence of illegitimate power bands and land speculators alongside negligence and inability to monitor and control constructions, especially in the interstitial spaces of cities; 5- Lack of institutionalization for the equipment and resource pooling of low-income groups and the lack of government support and guidance regarding self-help housing (Sarrafi, 1831, 7).
In general, the existing characteristics and constraints in the studied area are as follows: 1-Due to the lack of supervision, the margin in question is considered one of the problematic centers of the city of Birjand.
Marginalized dwellers of the Shrine (A look at the issue of informal settlement in Mashhad city), Urban Management Quarterly, Issue 10, Publications of the National Municipalities Organization, Tehran.
(
, 
, 
)
