چکیده:
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between femoral neck and lumbar vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) of Iranian and Tour-de-France professional cyclists with non-athletes.Material and Methods: This investigation was in the form of a comparative and a cause-effect study, 17professional cyclists having participated in Iran’s first class cycling competitions [age (23.52±0.87 yr), height (174.94±2.81 cm), weight (73.12±3.17 kg), cycling participation background (5±2.2 yr)], 20 professional cyclists of Tour-de-France [with age (27.20±3.73 yr), height (180.05±7.45 cm), weight (71.50±5.21 kg), cycling participation background (9±3.2 yr)] and 17 healthy non-athletes participants [age (22.94±1.40 yr), height (172.65±2.40 cm) and weight (71.27±3.39 kg)] took part in this study. Data were collected using the mineral density assessing device Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). A medical history was also filled out by a specialist physician. In this research mineral density of femoral neck and second to fourth lumbar vertebral was evaluated. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential (One-way ANOVA) statistical methods (p≤0/05) using SPSS software (version 16).Results: The obtained results in this study showed that there is significant difference between lumbar vertebral BMD of the participants (F=17.89, P=0.001). But there was no significant difference between the femoral neck BMD of the participants (F=0.68, P=0.511).Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicated that there is no significant difference between femoralneck BMD of Iranian and France Tour cyclists comparing to non-athletes; while BMD of lumbar vertebral was significantly different among the participants. Based on the results, 50% of Tour-de-France cyclists and 17.6% of Iranian cyclists had Osteopenia. Non-athletes had normal BMD. Totally, none of the participants had Osteoporosis. In order to avoid Osteoporosis and Osteopenia during middle and old age, professional cyclists should practice other sport activities such as weight-bearing-exercise to improve their BMD.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between femoral neck and lumbar vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) of Iranian and Tour-de-France professional cyclists with non-athletes.
Creighton et al (2001) showed that for sport training and physical activity to improve BMD, ground response force should be at least three times as much as body weight so that high pressure is exerted on the bones [19].
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate femoral neck and lumbar vertebral BMD of Iranian and Tour-de-France professional cyclists in comparison to non-athletes.
In this study, two-body parts of Iranian and France Tour cyclists, namely lumbar vertebral (lumbar 2nd, 3rd and 4th vertebral) and hip bone femoral neck; each having its own clinical value of BMD, were investigated [34].
One-way ANOVA was used to compare the BMD values of lumbar vertebral and femoral neck of Iranian cyclists, Tour-de-France cyclists and non-athletes, and if the differences turned out to be significant, Tukey test (tukey post hoc) was also used.
In general, one probable reason for the abnormality of femoral neck and lumbar vertebral BMD in Tour-de-France and Iranian cyclists compared to that of the non-athletes (control group) is that the cyclists had less contact with the ground 2–4 hours per day and this can be the main reason of BMD reduction in cyclists [35].
Conclusion Based on our results, it is recommended that Iranian and Tour-de-France professional cyclists willing to improve their BMD, perform other sports such as cross-training (as strength sports and weight- bearing-exercises) beside cycling, in order to avoid Osteoporosis and Osteopenia during old age."