چکیده:
Objectives: Early maladaptive schemas are valid representations of unpleasant childhood experiences that shape a person’s viewpoints of the world, and lead to clinical symptoms such as depression, personality disorders, and substance abuse. Given the importance of this matter, we conducted a research on early maladaptive schemas in substance-abusers, to allow more appropriate preventive measures to be taken with a better understanding of the issue.Methods: For this descriptive-comparative study, 115 patients (91 opiate users and 24 stimulant users) visiting drug addiction treatment centers were selected through convenience sampling from persons who were admitted to substance abuse treatment centers (Methadone Maintenance therapy centers), addiction treatment camps and self-help groups and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) of Yasuj. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Questionnaire and Young’s Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ- SF). Data analysis was done with ANOVA and t-tests.Results: The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between users of opiates and stimulants in terms of vulnerability to harm or illness, enmeshment, subjugation, emotional inhibition, entitlement, insufficient self-control/self-discipline, emotional deprivation, social isolation, defectiveness, failure/shame, and dependence. The average score of the stimulant-users was higher than that of opiate- users in all the schemas except for the dimensions of abandonment, mistrust, and unrelenting standards.Discussion: Stimulant users have more early maladaptive schemas and are at a greater risk of psychological vulnerability. Early maladaptive schemas can be used by clinicians and researchers as a psychopathology and treatment method for substance dependence disorder.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 2, Summer 2015 Original Article Early Maladaptive Schemas in Opiate and Stimulant Users Zahra Karami Allameh Tabataba'ei University, Tehran, Iran Omid Massah; Ali Farhoudian Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ameneh Oji Islamic Azad University, Kish International Branch, Kish, Iran Objectives: Early maladaptive schemas are valid representations of unpleasant childhood experiences that shape a person’s viewpoints of the world, and lead to clinical symptoms such as depression, personality disorders, and substance abuse.
Methods: For this descriptive-comparative study, 115 patients (91 opiate users and 24 stimulant users) visiting drug addiction treatment centers were selected through convenience sampling from persons who were admitted to substance abuse treatment centers (Methadone Maintenance therapy centers), addiction treatment camps and self-help groups and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) of Yasuj.
Comparison of means, t-test, Levene’s test, degree of freedom, and P value of early maladaptive schemas among opiate and stimulant users Subscales Type of Levene’s test T test substance abused Mean F P value T score Degree of freedom P value Emotional deprivation Abandonment Mistrust/abuse Social isolation Defectiveness/shame Failure Dependence/incompetence Vulnerability Enmeshment Subjugation Self-sacrifice Emotional inhibition Unrelenting standards Entitlement Opiates 15.
The ANOVA test comparing maladaptive schemas in opiate and stimulant abusers Variable Vulnerability to harm and illness Enmeshment Subjugation Self-sacrifice Emotional inhibition Unrelenting standards Entitlement Insufficient self-control/self-discipline Emotional deprivation Abandonment Mistrust/abuse Social isolation/alienation Defectiveness/shame Failure Dependence/incompetence 7.