خلاصه ماشینی:
Necessary Being, Unchangeable Attributes, ChangeableAttributes, Cognitive Forms We are expected to proceed in the course of philosophical thought particularly metaphysics (theology) in such a way to preserve the Divine Essence (the necessary being) far immaculate from any stain of plurality, composition, change, or alteration.
They failed to realize that attached attributes, however they may be fixed, lead to the Ash‟ari dilemma, and that the change and creation of attributes ends up in the penetration of potentiality through the Divine Essence who is absolutely necessary and leaves no room for potentiality in His Unique Essence, (Avicenna, 1380 L.
According to the peripatetic philosophy, Divine Essence is not a locality of cognitive forms and is not thus exposed to such qualifications accordingly.
Avicenna‟s acknowledgement of this nice and precise point that the cognitive forms are entailed by and come after the Essence in rank compelled Sadr-u al-Muta‟allehin to defend his theory and to answer the objections of passivity, development and exposition to qualification.
Having embraced the attached cognitive forms which have no influence on the perfection of the Essence, Sadr-u al-Muta‟allehin purified them from the peripatetic subjectivity and accidental property, considering them to be objective.
The beings of contingent world, Sadr-u al-Muta‟allehin argues, come into being in terms of the creation of the Creator; conversely, divine cognitive forms exist in terms of the existence of God Almighty, for they are the correlates entailed by the Essence, and an implicate exists in terms of the existence of the implicant, rather than its creation.