چکیده:
Iran's relation with one of the largest countries, that is, Russia (The Soviet Union) has under gone many changes. One of the brilliant examples of the changing policies of Russia towards Iran is, no doubt, the years 1941 to 1953. In this period, most of graceful communist parties' rise and fall is making relations between Iran and Russia. Tudeh party, Ferghe Democrate Azerbaijan and Ferghe Democrate Kurdestan are some of the communist movements in Iran which are noticeable and researchable. However, this essay tries to answer the following questions: 1. was not the Soviet Union policy towards Iran neocolonialist?
2. To what extent were the relations between Iran and the Soviet Union adjusted in accordance with the communist ideology? 3. were the communist parties of Iran in harmony with the needs of Iranian peasants, workers, or were they the chief protectors of soviet interests? It is remind able that in Iran there have been several powerful levels such
as a: Army, b: Majlis, c: Royal Court, d: Political parties, e: People and religious Leaders and f: Foreign Embassies. These levels, sometimes in group of two, Three or more and sometimes in loneliness effected the political Social –Economical, religion, militarily and culturally lives of Iran. In the era of 1949-1953 this is the role of Russian Embassy which
brought about many changes.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The Rahbar in its is- sue of the last week of June 1943 announced the official programme of the Tudeh Party as follows: Progressive labour legislation, including social insurance; legislation of trade unions; improved standard of living for the peasan- try; strict price controls to curb inflation; free education and general health services ; elimination of reactionary elements from public life and the restitution of democratic practices; equality for minorities; reform of the judicial system ; disarming of the no- madic tribes; national industrialization, friendly relations with all of Iran's neigh- bors; and elimination of foreign interference (Lenczowski, Op, Cit: 32).
This fact must be realized that the northern parts of Iran is the 'security Limits' of the soviet Union, and idea of the group (the Tudeh Party) which I am a mem- ber in, is that the Government should enter immediately the negotiations for giving northern oil concession to the soviets and the oil in south to the American and British companies (Mobarezate Karegaran….
However, after the collapse of Azerbaijan and kurdestan Republics in December 1946 (for details see the following sections), and the rejection by the Iranian Majlis of the establishment of an Iran – soviet oil company in October 1947 (these two events were considered as great defeats to the so- viet Union and the Tudeh Party), for about two years the Tudeh Party was in an unstable condi- tion.