چکیده:
The present article intends to start introduction to the political thinking of Machiavelli by passing through some key concepts in his thinking, and by placing his idea in the area of political thinking. Surveying ethics in Machiavelli‟s political thinking needs separate individual ethics from political (civil) one. And explaining Machiavelli‟s remarks about the category of ethics requires it to be evaluated from the ethical dimension. Common expedience (interest) as one of the most basic concepts in Modern political thought tried to empower its theoretical bases with the help of Niccolo Machiavelli, and made its absence in the political thinking absolutely unjustifiable. Power in the thought of Machiavelli in proportion with the type of political systems have been explainable, and its actualization has been bound to its contemporary definition and redefinition, following the changes in political time and space conditions, and finally, surveying the Realism in Machiavelli‟s political thinking needs to make distinction between this concept and Factualism (Superficialism). Realism, not in the sense of following the events, but creating them, and Factualism (Superficialism) is an attempt to reflect against changes, without understanding their internal reasons.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Power in the thought of Machiavelli in proportion with the type of political systems have been explainable, and its actualization has been bound to its contemporary definition and redefinition, following the changes in political time and space conditions, and finally, surveying the Realism in Machiavelli‟s political thinking needs to make distinction between this concept and Factualism (Superficialism).
Ma- chiavelli has an opposite view toward the actions and leadership of Cesar(2) and when opposing writers, who admire Cesar, believes that "a ruler who looks for fame should wish to control the power in a disturbed country, not like Cesar to make more disturbances, but like Romulus to pre- serve order, in the country"(Ibid, first manuscript, Chapter 15: 1) Although, Machiavelli, when advising gover- nors, considers that the best way of governing is looking for friendship, on the other side, when ad- vising those who look for power and not for the goodness of public, and apply tyranny, gives some suggestions, although they depend on the instinct of the governments, while his ideas are, in no way, justifiable.
Machiavelli, in chapter thirty four of the first book, "Speeches" indicates an important point in relation to the physical appearance of governments and their inner contents, and points to this very fundamental issue that the physical appearance of any political system cannot be underestimated be- cause of its content and vice versa, when exploring the nature of dictatorship mentioned in the consti- tution of the Republic Rome for emergency condi- tions."