چکیده:
This study aims to investigate cultural schemas and sociocultural norms underlying politeness conceptualization in Persian through a 14-item Likert-scale questionnaire which was completed by 150 Persian Native Speaker participants. The questionnaire also included three open-ended questions, which surveyed participants' conceptualization of politeness and required them to impart their views of politeness and ostensible politeness. The results indicate that Persian participants observe rules of politeness in order to appreciate social and cultural norms. They also tend to enhance their own as well as their interlocutor's face. Politeness for Persian speakers is mainly to be approved of and appreciated by their community and to avoid imposition on the hearer in order to maintain and enhance rapport. The results of the study can provide in-depth insights into intercultural and cross-cultural issues by raising awareness in cross-cultural studies.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"An Exploratory Emic Investigation into Politeness in Persian Nouroddin Yousofi Assistant Professor, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Saman Ebadi Assistant Professor, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran 1 Farkhondeh Pursiah PhD Candidate in TEFL, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran This study aims to investigate cultural schemas and sociocultural norms underlying politeness conceptualization in Persian through a 14-item Likert-scale questionnaire which was completed by 150 Persian Native Speaker participants.
The results indicate that Persian participants observe rules of politeness in order to appreciate social and cultural norms.
The results of the study are supposed to shed light on the concept of politeness to develop a more comprehensive theory of second order politeness; such a theory should be powerful enough to include social, interpersonal, and personal factors.
This is in line with and very similar to findings of Babai Shishavan (2016), where she found that the main factors motivating the production of ritual refusals (Ta'arof) in Persian are observing rules of politeness and enhancing the face of the speaker as well as that of the interlocutor.
Findings of the study also indicate that Persian participants are more concerned about the face of the group rather than individual values, which is in line with non-Western perception of politeness (Ide et al.
The results of the analysis of the participants' answers to the questionnaire revealed that for Persian Native Speakers, politeness implies respecting social and cultural norms along with consideration and care for the interactants' shaxsiate/personality.
The results indicate that facework that is performed based on the societal values accompanied by the wants of individuals underlies the notion of politeness for Persian participants in the study."