چکیده:
Iran is a multicultural country that encompasses various ethnic, lingual and religious groups. The purpose of this article is to show how does the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran deal with the issue of cultural diversity? We used the method of conforming theory with sample. Cultural citizenship theories are also used as a theoretical framework to analyze the solution. The most important finding of this study is that the Constitution of Iran provides a two-layer solution for the issue of socio-cultural diversity. The lower layer comprises cultural politics of centralism which, in turn, is the result of domination of Islamic, Shiite, Persian, and patriarchal culture. In contrast, the upper layer comprises a combination of politics of wide recognition (especially in language and ethnicity areas) and politics of narrow recognition (especially religion, women, and vulnerable social groups). Although the constitutional solution has similarity with modern culture citizenship, some citizens (including ethnic, religious and sexual minorities) do not consider the complete autonomy.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Cultural Citizenship in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran Mohammad Ali Tavana1 Received: 2017/1/24 Accepted: 2018/6/11 Abstract Iran is a multicultural country that encompasses various ethnic, lingual and religious groups.
In this sense, it can be seen as involving membership, rights, duties and commitments, and participation of socio- cultural groups (such as women, children, patients, unemployed, forsaken, the marginalized, ethnicities, and races) within a political society (O'byrne, 2003: 7; Stevenson, 2013: 307).
In this sense, there is privatively no obstacle for approving <Page No="328"/>various people and socio-cultural groups in the society, but the Constitution distinguishes them from the Shia majority therefore they are considered second degree citizens.
This clause<Page No="329"/> <Page No="330"/> represents civil rights, especially the judicial dimension of cultural citizenship, and at least, because of the phrase ‘men and women’, it is considered as a sign of principle of non-discrimination about women, which is a fundamental concept in narrow recognition policies.
3 Generally, these articles, which imply particular citizenship social rights, seem to be inclusive, and there is no restrictive constraint in them to deprive an individual or a group for a political, cultural, ethnic, ideological, gender, or lingual reason.
However, one cannot imply deep and wide recognition of differences, equal opportunities of minorities and the majority, or equal participation of religious groups in the political and socio-cultural structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
In short, it can be said that the IRI Constitution grants special but limited cultural rights to recognize socio-cultural groups, including religious, ethnic, and<Page No="344"/> <Page No="345"/> language minorities as well as women and vulnerable social groups.