چکیده:
Objective: Football, as the most viewed event in stadiums overflowed with very many spectators, has turned into the most popular sport across the world. The purpose of this study was to compare the factors affecting the technical and ethical performance of professional football athletes off-field. Methodology: The research method of this research is descriptive survey implemented by completing a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included all athletes, referees, and coaches, members of the technical staffs and members of professional soccer clubs as well as members of the federation and football board of Tehran during the 18th round of the country premier league. The research sample was 384 people who were selected by purposeful sampling method and according to Morgan table. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by the professors of physical education and football experts and the reliability level was calculated to be 0.89 based on the Cronbach's alpha that was done by Exploratory Factor Analysis and Friedman test by SPSS version 24 and Liserl 8.8 software. Results: The present study was surveyed on the basis of effective factors off-field, that is the most important factors off-field were federation and family and the status of the club were the least important factor in the technical and ethical performance of professional football athletes. Conclusions: Supervision and education can play an important role, and family as the first social unit can be also of importance in this respect. After family, the FFIRI should take basic measures for culture-building and detailed reflections on its activities.
پیش زمینه و اهداف: فوتبال بهعنوان محبوبترین و پربینندهترین رشته ورزشی که با لبریز بودن ورزشگاهها از تماشاچیان به مردمیترین ورزش جهان تبدیلشده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، سنجش عوامل مؤثر در خارج از زمین بر عملکرد فنی و اخلاقی ورزشکاران حرفهای فوتبال است. روش شناسی: روش پژوهش این تحقیق از نوع توصیفی پیمایشی بوده که از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته میباشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه ورزشکاران، داوران، مربیان، اعضای کادر فنی و اعضای باشگاههای فوتبال در سطح حرفهای و همچنین اعضای فدراسیون و هیئتهای فوتبال شهر تهران که در طول هجدهمین دوره لیگ برتر کشور حاضر بودند. نمونه تحقیق به روش نمونهگیری طبقهای هدفمند و با توجه به جدول مورگان تعداد 384 نفر وارد مطالعه شدند. روایی پرسشنامه بهوسیله اساتید مدیریت تربیتبدنی و متخصصین فوتبال بررسی گردید و میزان پایایی بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ بهصورت کلی 89/ 0 محاسبهشده است که بهوسیله تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و آزمون فریدمن بااستفاده از نرم افزارهای اس.پی.ای.ای نسخه 24 و لیزرل نسخه 8/ 8 انجام گرفت. یافته ها: پژوهش حاضر بر اساس عوامل أثر گذار در خارج از زمین بررسی گردید که مؤلفههای فدراسیون و خانواده مهمترین و وضعیت باشگاه، کماهمیتترین عامل در عملکرد فنی و اخلاقی ورزشکاران حرفهای فوتبال شناخته شدند. لذا باید بیان کرد که توجه به عوامل ذکر شده در عملکرد فنی و اخلاقی مؤثر می باشد. نتیجه گیری: خانواده به عنوان اولین نهادی که فرد در آن حضور دارد نقش مهمی را ایفا می کند و پس از آن فدراسیون در زمینه فرهنگسازی باید اقدامات اساسی انجام دهد و بازنگری دقیقی در روند خود اعمال کند.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Results: The present study was surveyed on the basis of effective factors off-field, that is the most important factors off-field were federation and family and the status of the club were the least important factor in the technical and ethical performance of professional football athletes.
Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study was to address the following research question: “What are the off-field factors affecting technical and ethical performance of professional football athletes in competitions and how much are they are effective?” METHOD This study was a descriptive survey and an applied research using a field method and a questionnaire.
Table 1: Results from demographic information of research sample members (View the image of this page) Table 2: Statistical description of the variables of the research (View the image of this page) The descriptive statistics of scores related to the off-the-pitch factors affecting technical and ethical performance of professional football players including indices of mean and standard deviation is illustrated in Table 2.
The results of the Friedman test to determine the priority and ranks of the off-field factors affecting technical and ethical performance of professional football players is presented in Table4.
The results indicated that, from the perspective of the study samples, the FFIRI and family were the most significant off-the-pitch factors and trainings in club was introduced as the least important one affecting technical and ethical performance of professional football players.
The main purpose of the present study was to measure off-field factors affecting technical and ethical performance in professional football players.