چکیده:
کلّ واحدٍ منّا لا بدّ أنّه کان یومًا فی مقام اتّاذ قرارٍ ما، فبدأ بالتفکیر به
واضعًا جمیع الاحتمالات ذات التأثیر نصب عینیه، ونتیجة تفکیره وقراره
الأخیر ستکون قائمةً علی أساس هٰذه الاحتمالات المتراکمة، وهٰذه العملیّة
التفکیریّة علی إجمالها بدأت من تجمیع الجزئیّات وحتّ الوصول إلی القرار
النهائیّ، وهو ما یطلق علیه ریاضیًّا حساب الاحتمالات.
إذن فنظریّة حساب الاحتمالات قبل أن تکون إحدی النظریّات الریاضیّة
العقلیّة الدقیقة والمهمّة الّتی لها رجالها وقوانینها، نظریّةٌ عقلائیّةٌ عرفیّةٌ،
یستعملها الناس کثیرًا فی حیاتهم الیومیّة الاعتیادیّة، لٰکن بالطبع من دون
أن یتوجّهوا إلی تطبیقها الریاضیّ.
سنحاول فی هٰذه الدراسة جعل علم الریاضیّات، متمثّلً بهٰذه النظریّة
المهمّة، یتجاوز التدخّل فی الشأن الحیاتیّ للإنسان إلی مرحلة العقیدة،
والبحث فی إمکان الاستفادة منها فی إثبات وجود الخالق للکون، ووحدانیّته.
Everyone must someday have had to make a
decision; so, he started thinking about that
decision, thus putting before his eyes all the probabilities that may affect the
decision. As a result of thinking, the final decision would be based on these
accumulative probabilities. The totality of this process of thinking, which
begins with amassing the parts and ends with making a final decision, is in
mathematics termed as the probability calculation.
Before being one of the significant, precise and reason-based
mathematical theories that has its own theorists, advocates and laws, the
probability calculation theory is initially a traditional and rational theory
that people usually use in their ordinary and daily activities, although they,
of course, fail to pay attention to its mathematical applications.
The current essay is an attempt to make mathematics, represented by this
important theory, exceed its ordinary engagement in man’s life affairs and
move to the aspect of creed in order to investigate and explore any possibility
of employing the probability calculation theory for proving the existence
and the unity of the Creator of the universe.
Creed generally and the creed of monotheism particularly are the most
important issues that played the most vital role in the building of the
epistemological system of human lives. This creed is responsible for
sketching the map of man’s progress and behavior; and on the light of it,
man’s view of the world is decided. Because of the great significance of
creed, it is inevitable to seek it in such a way that assures decisiveness and
certainty in their terminological concepts.
The writer of the essay attempts to make references to this issue through
showing the definition and the different kinds of evidence in order to prove
which of these kinds of evidence can lead to decisiveness and certainty in
their particular senses. He also gives an adequate answer to the following
critical questions: Why is it necessary to recognize the creed through
certainty in its particular sense only rather than other ranks? What is the
way that takes to certainty? What are the types of it? Having answered these
questions, the writer focuses only on the types that are useful for proving the
obligatory on the light of which the significance of evidence of inherence in
argumentation, the method it helps us prove a creed and the fundaments that
help us verify that creed. All these points are proven through the employment
of the demonstrative and logical style, plus quoting some words of famous
wise people and logicians when necessary.
The writer finally concludes that the evidence of inherence plays the
most vital role in proving the creeds and even stands for the one and only
evidence through which certainty in its particular sense is attained to prove
the existence of the Necessary Existent God and some of His Majestic
Attributes