خلاصه ماشینی:
1 The latter attitude leads to the phenomenon known as “Islamist terror- ism,” the modern-day version of the seventh-century Kharijites, who fought and ultimately assassinated Ali, Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, and who, over the following century, developed a political philosophy that justified murdering fellow Muslims, including innocent women and children.
This idea can morph into the modern form of Islamic nationalism that, in turn, leads to religious authoritarianism, which oppresses those Muslims and non-Muslims who follow authentic and legitimate religious interpretations that dare to differ from the “official” versions, and brands anyone who does not accept its point of view as an infidel, thereby arrogating to itself a right that the Prophet declared belongs only to God. Questions 4, 2, and 3: What is the future of political Islam, the role of Islam in Muslim society, and required ijtihad in these arenas?
First, these movements’ recognition of the need for Muslims to “live in harmony with their time” rather than try to recreate the original Islamic community of seventh-century Medinah has led them to insist on ijtihad, the intellectual effort of interpretation, in order to establish precisely how the Shari`ah’s principles may best be translated into actual legislation in contemporary Muslim countries.
8. In the words of Ali Mazrui: “The Muslim world went modernist long before the West did – but then the Muslim world relapsed back into pre-modern- ization.
” Mazrui adds, however, that “in the political culture of Muslim Senegal we see signs of the historical proposition that Islam went modernist long before the Western world did.