چکیده:
ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺰارﻫﺎ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ از اﺟﺰاء ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ ﻧﺎﭘﺬ ﯾﺮ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﻣﺮگ در ﻣ ﯿﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ از روزﮔﺎران ﮐﻬﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮوز ﺑﻮده و اﺑﺰار ی اﺳﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻧﻤﻮدﻫﺎ ی ﻋ ﯿ ﻨﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮ ی آن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺣﻮز ة ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﺛﺎر در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ورزﻗﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﺧ ﯽ از ﮔﻮرﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ی دوران اﺳﻼﻣ ﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن، دار ای ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎی در اﺷﮑﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻣﺰﯾﯿ ﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳ ﯽ، ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﻧﮕﺎر ی و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ ﮥ آن ﻫﺎ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾ ﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻ ﯿ ﻔ ﯽ – ﺗﻄﺒ ﯿ ﻘ ﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠ ﯿ ﻠ ﯽ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣ ﯿ ﺪاﻧ ﯽ و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ا ی ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اﻫﺪاﻓﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎی دوران اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ورزﻗﺎن، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی اﺷﮑﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﯽ در آن ﻫﺎ ﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ا ﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ از دوران اﯾﻠﺨﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮرﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮی ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر دﺳﺘ ﮥ ﮐﻠ ﯽ؛ ﺻﻨﺪوﻗﯽ، ﮔﻬﻮاره ا ی، ﭘ ﯿ ﮑﺮ ة ﺳﻨﮕ ﯽ ﺣ ﯿ ﻮاﻧ ﯽ و ﭘﻠﮑﺎﻧ ﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴ ﯿ ﻢ ﺑﻮده و رو ی آن ﻫﺎ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮐﺘ ﯿ ﺒﻪ، ﮔ ﯿ ﺎﻫ ﯽ، اﺑﺰارآﻻت، ﻫﻨﺪﺳ ﯽ، ﻣﺤﺮاب ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ﯿ ﻦ ﻧﺘﺎ ﯾﺞ دﯾﮕﺮ ا ﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ ی ا ﯾﺠﺎدﺷﺪه، ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات ﻣﺬﻫﺒ ﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﯽ و ﻗﻮﻣ ﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠ ﯽ، ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ی و ﺗﻔﮑ ﯿ ﮏ اﺷﮑﺎل و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﯾﮥ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎ ی 18 ﮔﻮرﺳﺘﺎن، ﺗﺤﻠ ﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﺑﺮ رﯾ ﺸﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘ ﯽ ﺑﺮﺧ ﯽ اﺷﮑﺎل و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﯾ ﻪ ﻫﺎ ی ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﯽ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎ، در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ورزﻗﺎن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾ ﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺴ ﯿ ﺎر ی از اﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﻫﺎ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﺨﺮﯾ ﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺿﺮورت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺛﺒﺖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آن ﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد
Tombstones have been an integral part of the idea of death among all societies from ancient times to the present day. They have been used as an essential tool for objective and spiritual manifestations. One of the important areas in the field of study of such works in the region of East Azerbaijan is Varzeqan. Some of the cemeteries of the Islamic era of this city have tombstones in different shapes and decorated with various motifs that are worth studying and documenting. This research, using descriptive-comparative, analytical method and based on field and library studies, seeks objectives such as studying the tombstones of the Islamic period, classifying the shapes of tombstones, and examining the decorative motifs in them. The results showed that these tombstones are generally formed from the Ilkanid period to the contemporary. The tombstones in these cemeteries are divided into four general categories in terms of appearance, box, cradle, an animal stone statue and a staircase. There are figures such as plants, tools, geometry, and altar and inscriptions on them. Also, other results of this study showed that the created themes reflect the religious, social, and ethnic beliefs of the region's residents. In general, the main purpose of the present study, while classifying and separating the forms and motifs of tombstones of 18 cemeteries, is to analyze the etymology of some forms of tombs and artistic motifs of tombstones in Varzeqan. Given that many of these tombstones are in danger of being destroyed, it is necessary to study and record their information.