چکیده:
طراحی ساختمان بر پایه شرایط آب و هوایی، روشی است که به کاهش تقاضای انرژی ساختمان برای گرمایش و سرمایش کمک میکند و هدف آن استفاده از منابع انرژی طبیعی به منظور ایجاد آسایش بیشتر در ساختمانها است. در این تحقیق به تدوین استراتژی طراحی ساختمانهای آموزشی در شرایط اقلیمی شهر دزفول پرداخته شده است. از دادههای اقلیمی ایستگاه دزفول در بازه زمانی ساعتی ) 2019 - 1986 ( در محیط نرم افزار مشاور اقلیم به روش استاندارد )اشری 55 ( استفاده شده است. پس از دریافت دادهها، تجزیه و تحلیل طراحی مورد نیاز توسط نرمافزار مشاوره اقلیم براساس دادههای آب و هوایی انجام شد. اهداف این استراتژی شامل کاهش اتلاف انرژی حرارتی ساختمانها، کاهش اثرات باد بر اتلاف انرژی حرارتی ساختمان، تامین تهویه فضاهای داخلی، بهرهمندی از شرایط اقلیمی مناسب بیرون، بهرهمندی از انرژی خورشیدی برای تقاضای گرمایش ساختمان و حفاظت ساختمان در برابر نور خورشید هستند. ساختمانهای آموزشی شهر دزفول مورد بررسی میدانی قرار گرفت و 9 استراتژی برای طراحی پایدار آنها تدوین شد. همچنین منطقه آسایش و مناطقی که در آن رعایت ضوابط آب و هوایی از جمله: سایهاندازی پنجرهها، جرم حرارتی بال ا، سرمایش تبخیری، تهویه اجباری فن و گرمایش به اضافه رطوبت و از این قبیل، ضروری است، در تحلیل استراتژیها میتوان گفت: برای استفاده حداکثر از توانمندیهای اقلیمی شهر دزفول در دوره فعالیت مدارس و پرهیز از شرایط نامطلوب مناسبترین جهتگیری برای سازهای نورگیر و بازشوها جهت جنوب در رتبه اول و جهتهای نزدیک به آن در رتبه دوم برای مدارس شهر دزفول توصیه میشود. برای مدارسی که قبلا احداث شده و چارهای به جز استفاده از این مدارس وجود ندارد. می توان با کاشت درخت در امتداد دیوارها و باز شوهای نامطلوب اثرات نامطلوب حاصل از تابش خورشید را به حداقل رساند.
Extended AbstractBackground and purposeDesign of buildings based on climate is a method that helps to reduce energy demand of buildings for heating and cooling to use natural energy sources in order to create more comfort and reduce the use of fossil fuels in buildings. The objectives of this strategy include reducing the loss of thermal energy of buildings, reducing the effects of wind on the loss of thermal energy of buildings, providing ventilation of the interior spaces, benefiting from suitable outside climate, benefiting from solar energy for the heating demand of buildings and protecting buildings from sunlight.Materials and Methods In this study, the design strategy of educational buildings based on climate of Dezful has been developed. For this purpose, the hourly data of the Dezful synoptic station during1986-2019 were used by Climate Consultant and ASHRAE Standard 55. After receiving and standardizing the hourly data of various atmospheric elements, and loading these data into Climate Consultant, the results have been analyzed and the most suitable architectural model for the educational centers of Dezful has been proposed.Findings and discussion Based on the output strategies of Climate Consultant and field visits to the schools of Dezful, the architecture of both the old and new schools, 9 strategies were developed and proposed for the sustainable design of schools in this city based on the factors affecting comfort and the principles such as window shading, high thermal mass, evaporative cooling, forced ventilation by fan and heating in addition to humidity, for the maximum use of the climatic capabilities of Dezful for school activities and avoidance of adverse climate, the most suitable orientation for light-reflecting structures and openings is the south first and second directions close to it for the schools of Dezful. For schools that have already been built and there is no other choice but to use these schools, by planting trees along the walls and undesired openings, the adverse effects of solar radiation can be minimized. The results of the field visits to the city's schools showed that for the design and construction of the new schools, the direction of the south is observed more than the old schools.Conclusion: The conflict between architecture and climate leads to an increase in energy use for cooling and heating of buildings; which has negative economic and environmental consequences in addition to mental and psychological health damage for the residents. Therefore, it is necessary to know the climate of each region and determine the standard for spaces according to the climate of each region. As a result, the design of high-performance educational buildings requires the use of accurate and scientific models and software. The study results showed that Climate Consultant 5.5 is highly effective on the design of educational spaces to discover climate design ideas in educational buildings. Therefore, this software should be used for the design of educational spaces in other cities of the province. Given that children and adolescents are more vulnerable to adverse climate in residential and educational spaces compared to adults, and in these spaces, climatic comfort and peace of mind are very important to increase the quality of education. The building design compatible with the climate is very important. To achieve this desired model, the use of walls and openings along the south or directions close to it towards the southeast is the most suitable for the design of educational spaces. 17 strategies were developed and proposed for the design and construction of schools in this city. These strategies can be a document for designers and engineers to achieve the design and construction of schools and educational spaces in Dezful based on its climate.