خلاصه ماشینی:
'\JA· tunately, none of these scholars has critically appraised, evaluated and com• pared Ibn Khald un's concept of urbanization, although the entire fourth chapter of the Muqaddimah is devoted to a discussion of the factors contribut• ing to and the principles governing the origin, growth and decay of cities.
It would not be beside the point here to refer to the basic approach of Ibn Khaldun to the study of human society as that would assist a better appreciation of his analysis as regards the characteristics, forms and functions, and growth and decay of cities.
17 And thus Ibn Khaldun's 'Science of Culture' like the modern human ecology is "fundamentally an attempt to investigate ( 1) the processes by which the biotic balance and the social equilibrium are maintain• ed once they are achieved and (!.
The former thinks that the 'city is primarily a social emergent,19 and the latter remarks that "a city, in the full sense of the word, is a social organization of much greater scope; it is the expression of a stage of civilization ~0 Ibn Khaldun treats the city and its institutions as an important aspect of civilised culture and its existence, according to him, is "for the satisfaction of man's desire for 16.
"34 To Ibn Khaldun the existence of populous rural suburbs was a prerequisite for the continuity in the life of any town after the collapse of the dynasty that founded it.
"42 -· - ----- Ibn Khaldun recognised three major stages in the evolution of cities and society : Youthful, Maturity and Senility.