چکیده:
The welfare policies and programs in the Iran had started of establish modern state in Iran since 1925.This paper deals with the relation between oil revenues and social welfare in Iran before 1978(1357) revolution. Why developmental activities within welfare policies and programs couldn’t maintain their stability and continuity? The bureaucrats and redefined groups were became the main target groups of welfare programs. Also, the oil revenue has provided financial resource for government and the government has been independent from society in procuring finance for its programs. As a result did not form appropriate interaction between government and society .The welfare programs have been production of political structure. Subsequently, Welfare benefits have served to favor political purposes; form patron-client relationships within government and society. This form of relation acted as one of the main obstacles for the achievement optimal social welfare. The oil revenue has provided financial resource for government so the government had been independent from society in procuring finance for its programs.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Oil revenues and social Welfare in Iran of pre- revolution Islamic Gholamreza Ghaffary1 ABSTRACT The welfare policies and programs in the Iran had started of establish modern state in Iran since 1925.
Oil Revenues, Social Welfare, Development Plans, Government, Social Groups KEY WORDS: INTRODUCTION All modern governments had policies and programs for better management of society and a main part of these are directed to providing welfare to people.
The main target groups of social benefits were the government’s bureaucracy and military forces, and in some cases rural individuals which, when needed, the government used against urban groups’ activities.
As a result, social welfare policies became a ideological and political tool in the government’s hand and their main purpose were to provide state legitimacy.
Generally, it seems that the Pahlavi state’s social welfare policies were limited, legitimacy providing, non-participatory, and dependent on oil revenues.
"As government’s need for tax revenue was very little, its rent characteristically independent government from civil society, such a system ignored even the most important socioeconomic groups from participation in policy making" (Siavoshi, 2009: 36).
The non-democratic nature of government, and the fact that the Shah considered himself the master of all citizens, deprived social groups and receiver of welfare benefits from participation in different aspects of social and welfare programs such as decision making, policy making, and implementation.
The main features of Iranian modern welfare programs have been non- participatory, legitimacy-generating, based on oil revenue, and unaccountable."