چکیده:
Rivalry between different Islamic views is an old issue that the recent developments in the Middle East have revived in a more acute manner. Irrespective of the views considering economy, nationalism, civil war, democratization, etc. as the main cause of these developments, this article posits that Islamism is the main cause of recent developments in the Middle East. Accordingly, four different models are studied: Neo-Ottomanism, Salafi–Takfiris divided into Salafi-Courtiers and Salafi-Jihadis, Egypt's Muslim brotherhood, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. These four models are the most important rival Islamic views with distinct attitudes towards Islam. Now, the question is which model is more apt at influencing the recent developments in the Middle East? The main hypothesis of this article is that among these models, the only suitable ones are those capable of responding to demands regarding democratization that enjoy two characteristics: accepting the political status of Islam and the flexibility of political action. As a result, this article first explains the nature and attitude of each views regarding Islam. Then, given the above hypothesis, the ability of these models in responding to demands for democratization in the region is evaluated. The finding is that among the above models, the Islamic Republic of Iran has a more logical capability to establish a link between wisdom and faith to influence the developments in the Middle East.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Accordingly, four different models are studied: Neo-Ottomanism, Salafi–Takfiris divided into Salafi-Courtiers and Salafi-Jihadis, Egypt's Muslim brotherhood, and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Along these lines, among different views, the four views of neo-Ottomanism, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Salafi-Takfiris divided into Salafi-Courtier and Salafi-Jihadi, and Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood are studied for the following reasons: 1- the theoretical nature of their religious beliefs, 2- the operationalization of these views, 3- the status of these views in the core of Islamic mainstream theoretical spectrum; neo- Ottomanism and Salafi-Takfiri at the two ends of the spectrum and the views of the I.
But, neo-Ottomanism was completely based on secularism from the outset and unlike Laic Kemalism, it is well aware of the role of Islam in Turkey's politics, and for this reason, it tries to use Islam as an instrument to achieve its goals (Tahaii, 2001:131).
The general principles of moderate Muslim Brotherhood are as follows: Political-Saudi Islam: As believed by Iran and the Salafis, Hassan-al-Bana, the founder of the group, thinks that religion and politics are inseparable and their separation means the beginning of corruption in Islamic societies, the solution of which would be the establishment of Islamic government (Fowzi and Payab, 2012: 26).
In addition, if we posit that the main cause of recent developments in the Middle East is Islamism, this model cannot respond to religious demands of people and take into account religion in politics.