ملخص الجهاز:
"Orthographic adaptation: Aixelá (as cited in Alvarez & Vidal, 1996) states, "This strategy includes procedures like transcription and transliteration which are mainly used when the original reference is expressed in a different alphabet from the one target readers use" (p.
Extra-textual gloss: According to Aixelá (as cited in Alvarez & Vidal, 1996), by applying this strategy, the translator uses one of the abovementioned procedures but considers it necessary to offer some explanation of the meaning or implications of the CSI in an annotation or glossary.
Limited universalization: In principle, as Aixelá (as cited in Alvarez & Vidal, 1996) states, by applying this strategy "translators feel that the CSI is too obscure for their readers or that there is another, more usual possibility and decide to replace it" (p.
6. Autonomous creation: Aixelá (as cited in Alvarez & Vidal, 1996) points out that, "This is a very little-used strategy in which the translators decide that it could be interesting for their readers to put in some nonexistent cultural reference in the source text" (p.
The first one was concerning the strategies used by Ghanoonparvar in rendering the CSIs of Savushun; as is evident, he has used the eight strategies of (in order of frequency) extra-textual gloss, 165 naturalization, linguistic translation, synonymy, absolute universalization, intra-textual gloss, orthographic adaptation, and limited universalization.
As for the second question which focused on the strategies used by Zand in her translation of Savushun, as is evident in Table 2 above, she has used 11 strategies which (in order of frequency) include linguistic translation, naturalization, synonymy, absolute universalization, extra-textual gloss, orthographic adaptation, intra-textual gloss, limited universalization, dislocation, deletion, and attenuation."