خلاصة:
مقدمه: امروزه به منظور ایجاد توسعهی سیاسی، مشارکت همه ی آحاد جامعه در امور سیاسی ضروری است، بنابراین مشارکت زنان در همه ی فعالیتهای اجتماعی مانند سیاست لازمه ی توسعه سیاسی میباشد به نحوی که میتوان گفت اقلیت بودن زنان در امور سیاسی، موجبات ناتمامی دموکراسی را در جامعه فراهم میکند و شناخت عوامل موثر بر آن مانند خودپنداره از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. بر این اساس هدف در این پژوهش بررسی رابطه ی بین خودپنداره و مشارکت سیاسی زنان است.
روش: روش تحقیق در این تحقیق، از نظر مسیر توصیفی (پیمایش) و از نظر هدف از نوع کاربردی بوده است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته در قالب عملیات میدانی و جامعه آماری را کلیه زنان شهر تهران در سن مشارکت سیاسی تشکیل داده که با توجه به تعداد جامعه آماری (3500000 نفر)، حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران 389 نفر تعیین و به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای انتخاب شدهاند.
یافتهها و بحث: در نتیجه نهایی تحقیق میتوان گفت بر اساس بررسیهای به عمل آمده بین مولفه تصور از طبقه اجتماعی- اقتصادی خود و میزان مشارکت سیاسی زنان با (023/0 =P-value و 328/0 = r) رابطه معنیدار، بین تصور از مذهب خود و میزان مشارکت سیاسی زنان با (048/0 =P-value و 202/0 = r) رابطه معنیدار، بین عقیده و پندار فرد نسبت به شخصیت خود و میزان مشارکت سیاسی زنان با (003/0 =P-value و 498/0 = r) رابطه معنیدار، بین تصور فرد از جنسیت خود و میزان مشارکت سیاسی زنان با (009/0 =P-value و 498/0 = r) رابطه معنیدار، بین تصور فرد نسبت به سن خود و میزان مشارکت سیاسی زنان با (017/0 =P-value و 295/0 = r) رابطه معنیدار و بین ادراک شخص نسبت به تواناییهای خود و میزان مشارکت سیاسی زنان با (011/0 =P-value و 441/0 = r) رابطه معنیداری وجود دارد. همچنین، در مجموع 7/41 درصد از کل واریانس مشارکت سیاسی را خودپنداره تبیین میکند.
Introduction: Today, in order to promote political development, the participation of all branches of society in political affairs is essential. Therefore, participation of women in all social activities is a necessary policy of political development, in such a way that it can be said that women’s minority in political affairs leads to unfinished democracy in society and the recognition of its effective factors, such as self-concept, is of particular importance. Political participation is considered as one of the major indicators of development. Women, as part of the human capital of each society, can play a decisive role in governing the country through their political participation. In the evolution of life patterns, the phenomenon of “political participation” means the opportunity to address a large number of citizens’ contribution to political affairs, and is known as a point of convergence in the cultural and political structure of each community. Each society needs to use all its human resources to fulfill its developmental goals. Women of every society are considered to be the central force in which their employment and activity as part of the active population of the community has a great influence on the growth, development and construction of society, but when the presence of the participation in the political participation process is such that the voters, they will only be in the ballot box on the day of voting. This causes a crisis or social harm in the community. Although Iranian women have played an active and constructive role in shaping and institutionalizing the process of the Islamic revolution, they deserve no proper share in the building of political power, and in positions and decisions and positions of power, they have a pale face. There are always factors such as the social and economic origin of the family, the membership and activity of the individual in the associations, the activity of parents and friends in different associations, the person’s willingness to participate, the desire of parents and friends to participate in the level of political participation of women and men. Other factors that the experts emphasize in this regard are the psychological factors and variables in the personal fields of individuals, one of the most important factors that can be considered as a significant factor is “self”. The role and process of personality evolution and self-concept in this field is self-concept. If such choices are in the political arena, it will be certainly important to pay attention to them. Therefore, attention to the scientific study of factors affecting political participation, especially women, including the effect of self-concept, can be of particular importance. Especially now in Iran, due to the widespread propaganda of the enemies in the political arena and the soft war and cultural invasion, and efforts are done to reduce political participation, especially women, under the pretext of the lack of democracy and oppression of women in the political, social and cultural spheres. The scientific evaluation of the factors affecting women’s participation rate and their attitude in this regard, and especially the study of factors such as self-concept that influence the process of development and the formation of the personality of women during life experiences, can be important and necessary. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-concept and women’s political participation. For this purpose, six hypotheses were considered to be investigated as follows:
H1: There is a significant relationship between the perception of self’s socioeconomic class and the level of political participation of women.
H2: There is a significant relationship between the perception of self’s religion and the level of political participation of women.
H3: There is a significant relationship between the person’s beliefs and his/her opinion about his/her personality and the level of political participation of women.
H4: There is a significant relationship between the person’s perception of his/her gender and the level of political participation of women.
H5: There is a significant relationship between the person’s perception of his/her age and the level of political participation of women.
H6: There is a significant relationship between person’s perception of his/her abilities and the level of political participation of women.
Method: The research method in this study was descriptive (survey) and in terms of purpose, it is considered as a practical work. The required information was compiled by using a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of field operations and the statistical population of all Tehran women in the age of political participation. According to the number of statistical population (3,500,000), the sample size was 389 according to the Cochran’s formula and Stratified random sampling method was selected, accordingly. For this purpose, first, the city Tehran was divided into 22 districts of the municipality as the first cluster. Then, the four districts were randomly selected from among the 22 ones. The selected districts were 2, 6, 14 and 17. Next, in the selected area, the second clustering, namely, the determination of neighborhoods, was carried out and three neighborhoods in each district were selected using simple random sampling method.In the selected neighborhoods, a simple random sampling method was used to select a sample size of 389 people.Regarding the nature of the subject and its extent, in the present study, data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of fieldwork. Questionnaires were distributed according to sample size among women in Tehran.
Findings and Discussion: According to the results of the research, there is a significant relationship between the component perception of socioeconomic status and women’s political participation (p-value = 0.023 and r = 0.3328), between perception of self’s religion and women’s political participation (p-value = 0.048 and r = 0.220), between the person’s beliefs and attitude towards his/her personality and women’s political participation (p-value = 0.003 and r=0.498), between the person’s perception of his/her gender and women’s political participation (p-value=0.009, r=0.498), between the person’s perception of his/her age and political participation of women (p-value=0.017 and r=0.295) and between perception of one’s own abilities and political participation of women (p-value=0.11, r=0.441). In addition, 41.7% of the total variance of political participation is explained by self-concept.