Mulla Sadra on the Relation of Sharia and Practical Philosophy مقالة

مؤلف: Samadieh، Maryam ؛ Mahdavi، Mohammad ؛

پژوهش های فلسفی Autumn 2020 - Number 32 التصنيف: الف/ISC (‎15 صفحة - من 288 إلی 302 )

الکلمات المفتاحية: happiness soul Mulla Sadra sharia practical wisdom Sadr Al Din Shirazi Sadr

خلاصة:

To explain Mulla Sadra’s viewpoint of the relationship of practical wisdom and Sharia, one needs to turn to the explanation of human soul and its perfection (happiness). It should be mentioned that the nature of practical wisdom and its principles are specified based on the definition that is offered of happiness. According to Mulla Sadra, true happiness lies in human soul’s acquisition of rational truths and becoming a subject to the divine forms and the highest possible state for it is understanding divine presence; this is considered to be the ultimate goal of Sharia and divine laws. In fact, Mulla Sadra introduces practical wisdom to be part of Sharia and this is why Sharia and practical wisdom are thought by him to be pursuing the same objective. Generally speaking, relationship of Sharia and practical wisdom is envisaged as an extension of the “mode of absolute generality and specificity”; because according to Mulla Sadra, practical wisdom, as the act of teaching the method of advancement of the stations and stage of God-wayfaring and path of servitude, is part of Sharia. One may seek for the cause of this in the richness of Islamic doctrines in the domain of practical wisdom and explanation of its patterns in religion and Sharia; however, richness of Islamic doctrines and Sharia does not make us needless of the explanation and presentation of effective solutions for application of practical wisdom. This is in fact exactly what Mulla Sadra has neglected in this area

ملخص الجهاز:

ir Abstract To explain Mulla Sadra’s viewpoint of the relationship of practical wisdom and Sharia, one needs to turn to the explanation of human soul and its perfection (happiness). According to Mulla Sadra, true happiness lies in human soul’s acquisition of rational truths and becoming a subject to the divine forms and the highest possible state for it is understanding divine presence; this is considered to be the ultimate goal of Sharia and divine laws. He believes that wisdom in its absolute sense (philosophy) is an art the goal of which is the acquisition of beauty; because it results in a firmly secured knowledge of God. Farabi has also divided beautiful arts into two types: arts that are merely science and arts that simultaneously include science and practice. Generally speaking, Mulla Sadra divides wisdom in the sense of perception of universals and rational truths the existence of which is immovable and brings about human perfection, into two types of theoretical wisdom and practical wisdom (ibid: 116). According to Mulla Sadra, philosophy or wisdom is perfection of human soul through the knowledge of the truths of beings. In general, Mulla Sadra has considered the subject-matter of practical wisdom to be human soul and contends that the perfection of human soul is known as the true happiness and original existence of man. In fact, according to Mulla Sadra, theoretical wisdom alone cannot lead man to divine union, because without action, knowledge will not have any value. According to Mulla Sadra, practical wisdom and Sharia have a unique goal; because both are struggling after it in order to pave the ground for human soul to reach perfection.

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