ملخص الجهاز:
Using an "analytical" approach and a documentary review of Islamic teachings and emphasizing the various functions of the symbol, this article tries to explain the importance of the symbol in Islamic culture.
student, Cultural Strategic Management, National Defense University and Research Institute ( Hamidreza Mohammadi/ PhD in Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, Karaj Islamic Azad University h.
student, Cultural Strategic Management, National Defense University and Research Institute Received: 2022/05/01 - Accepted: 2022/09/10 Abstract This paper seeks to criticize a method of the West that can be called "cultural West".
com Received: 2022/04/14 - Accepted: 2022/09/07 Abstract The historical approach to identifying the factors of crisis and political disorganization in Afghanistan is part of the unresolved debates between the intellectual relations of tradition and modernity in this country.
The most important question about the reason for political disorganization in Afghanistan is: Which cultural and biological factors have brought this country into the cycle of historical disorder?
The policy of the mainly Pashtun governments of Afghanistan for building a state and nation based on the Pashtun people without considering other ethnic groups and the policy of changing the language is considered as one of the most important factors of political instability and disorder.
The policy of the mainly Pashtun governments of Afghanistan to build a state and nation based on the Pashtun people without considering other ethnic groups and the policy of changing the language is considered to be one of the most important factors of political instability and disorganization.