شناسایی و اجرای آرای داوری کمیسیون داوری تجاری و اقتصادی‏ بین‌المللی چین-سیتک مقالة

مؤلف: علوي حجازي، سيما ؛ قرباني فر، مريم ؛

مطالعات حقوق خصوصی پاییز 1401، سال پنجاه دوم - شماره 3 التصنيف: ب/ISC (‎22 صفحة - من 579 إلی 600 )

الکلمات المفتاحية: <Param Name=value>چالش‌ها</Param> <Param Name=value>راهکارها</Param> <Param Name=value>بازار سرمایه</Param> آرا <Param Name=value>سبدگردان</Param> <Param Name=value>محیط قانونی.‌</Param> شناسایی.‌ داوری اجرا چین تجاری بین‌المللی سیتک New York Convention Enforcement of award China CIETAC Arbitration Recognition of Award

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خلاصة:

کمیسیون داوری تجاری و اقتصادی بین‌المللی چین-سیتک از نهادهای داوری در چین است. سهولت و اطمینان از شناسایی و اجرای آرای داخلی و خارجی این نهاد اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد و موجب بسط و گسترش روابط تجاری بین‌الملل خواهد شد. سیتک مقرراتی را طبق اصول و قواعد نوین حاکم بر داوری پیش‌بینی کرده است. هرچند در مواردی از این اصول تخطی داشته است. در عرصة بین‌المللی نیز شناسایی و اجرای آرای خارجی سیتک طبق قواعد کنوانسیون نیویورک ۱۹۵۸ صورت می‌گیرد. در این مقاله این موضوع که آرای داوری سیتک چگونه شناسایی و اجرا می‌شوند، بررسی می‌شود. به این منظور شناسایی و اجرای آرای سیتک از منظر مقررات چین و کنوانسیون نیویورک، اصول، موانع، نحوة شناسایی و اجرای آرای داوری داخلی و خارجی سیتک به روش توصیفی تجزیه‌وتحلیل شده، در نهایت مشخص می‌شود آرای داخلی و خارجی صادره از سیتک در دادگاه محل اجرا، قابل‌شناسایی و اجراست.

خلاصة:

The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission- CIETAC is one of the successful and prominent arbitration institutions in China, which many businessmen and investors from all over the world refer to in order to resolve their disputes. Based on the UNCITRAL model law, international arbitration rules and the new principles and rules governing arbitration, this arbitration body has legislated its laws and amended them repeatedly in this regard. The possibility of identifying and implementing the arbitration decisions of an institution is one of the important factors in referring people to that arbitration institution, because on the assumption of issuing a just and fair decision, if it cannot be implemented, it will practically make the arbitration useless. Since arbitration is a private dispute resolution method, it has no coercive power to enforce its decisions. Therefore, the intervention of the courts to assist in the implementation of arbitration decisions is inevitable. But in this case it is necessary to create a balance between the important principles of "recognition and mplementation of arbitration decisions" and "issuance of fair and just decisions" as well as "independence of arbitration from judicial authorities". It is obvious that the laws that can establish this balance in the best way have been more successful towards the goals of arbitration. In this article, it has been tried to introduce the rules and procedure by using the descriptive and analytical method of competent authorities in the implementation of internal and external arbitration decisions of CIETAC. The ruling on the implementation of CIETAC's arbitration decisions should be reviewed in these references. According to Chinese laws, votes that do not have foreign elements or have foreign elements but are implemented in China are considered domestic votes and are implemented by Chinese people's courts. Chinese law considers the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards as the principle. However, in the cases listed in the Civil Procedure Law of China, it allows non-implementation of arbitration decisions. According to this law, there are obstacles to the implementation of internal arbitration awards without an external element and internal arbitration awards with an external element that are implemented in China, there are differences in terms of the number of non-enforcement cases, their subject matter, and the form and substance of the issues. The implementation of the internal votes of CIETAC in these two cases are accompanied by differences. CIETAC's foreign votes are votes that have a foreign element and are enforced outside of China by foreign courts. The implementation of CIETAC's arbitration awards outside of China is first recognized by the courts of the place of implementation and then implemented. Due to the importance of the implementation of this type of votes, bilateral or multilateral international treaties have been created to recognize foreign arbitral awards and their implementation. One of the most important of them is the 1958 New York Convention, which China has joined. This convention also recognizes the principle of recognition and implementation of foreign arbitral awards. However, in the cases listed in paragraph 5 of this convention, the courts implementing the arbitration award are allowed to refuse to implement the arbitrator's award under certain conditions. Obstacles to the implementation of CIETAC's internal and external arbitration awards are different in terms of the number of cases, their subject matter, the burden of proving the existence of obstacles, and the form and substance of the implementation obstacles. The question that arises is how to identify and implement CIETAC's arbitration awards. Is it possible and what is the procedure of the courts inside and outside of China in this regard? It seems that by establishing laws in accordance with the new principles and rules governing arbitration and using China's accession to international conventions, including the New York Convention of 1985, and governing the principle of recognition and implementation of arbitral awards and the independence of arbitration from judicial authorities and issuing fair awards and Justly has facilitated the recognition and implementation of the votes issued by this institution based on its regulations. Examining the rules and procedures governing the implementation of CIETAC's internal and external votes can be important from two perspectives: 1. The policy of looking east in Iran requires identifying the potentials of the East in all fields, including dispute resolution authorities and their procedures. They should be used to grow and expand international business relations. Considering the growing woodworking and economic relations between Iran and China, the introduction of CIETAC as a reliable institution in the East whose votes can be recognized and implemented inside and outside of China can promote the development of international trade relations by promoting arbitration between two countries. In addition to Iran's accession to the 1958 New York Convention, CIETAC votes can be recognized and implemented in Iran. Therefore, Iranian businessmen and investors can refer to this prestigious arbitration institution to resolve disputes arising from their international business relations. 2. In addition, the experiences of this successful arbitral institution can be used in legislations, amendments to laws and also in the promotion of Iranian arbitral institutions.

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