خلاصة:
Background and Objective: 'Personality' is a complex subject, but since ancient times, many efforts have been made to understand it, some of which are 'impractical', some 'superstitious', and a few are 'scientific and valid'. A personality theory is an attempt to explain the structure and action of personality, to express why a person behaves in a certain way. Materials and Methods: The present study is of a descriptive-analytical type, and after examining the concepts, practical suggestions have been provided based on the results. The current research method is descriptive, and the data collection method is library-based. In this way, library resources such as books, articles, foreign sources, etc., and the researcher's learnings have been used. Findings: From the perspective of this research, 'personality' is a complex subject, but since ancient times, many efforts have been made to understand it, some of which are 'impractical', some 'superstitious', and a few are 'scientific and valid'. This diversity in perspectives is related to the difference in the 'definition and attitude towards humans and their nature'. For every society to be able to live within a specific culture and have mutual and successful relationships, it nurtures specific personality types that harmonize with its culture. While some experiences are common among all cultures, it is not unlikely that the specific experiences of one culture are not available to another culture. Conclusion: From the discussed topics, it is concluded that 'personality' is an 'abstract concept', meaning it is like energy in physics, which is not observable, but rather it is inferred through the combination of behavior, thoughts, motivation, emotion, etc. Personality causes the difference between all individuals (humans). However, these differences are only in some 'traits and characteristics'. In other words, individuals are similar to each other in many personality traits; therefore, personality can be studied in terms of 'how people differ from each other?' and in terms of 'in what ways are they similar to each other?'.
ملخص الجهاز:
Conclusion: From the discussed topics, it is concluded that "personality" is an "abstract concept," meaning it is like energy in physics which is not observable, but rather it is inferred through the combination of behavior, thoughts, motivation, emotion, etc.
" In other words, individuals are similar to each other in many personality traits; therefore, personality can be studied in terms of "how people are different from each other?" and in terms of "in what ways are they similar to each other?" Keywords: personality, personality traits, psychology, attitude, behavior.
In other words, a personality theory in psychology has two functions: 1) Descriptive function or action, meaning the systematic explanation of human behavior, and 2) Predictive function or action, meaning referring to specific changes that may be found in an individual's behavior [1].
4. Motivational factors related to personality, including factors that determine the general goals of a human (if they exist) and those that cause individual differences in behavior [3].
Theoretical Foundations Definition of Personality Defining the concept of personality, like most concepts related to human characteristics, is not easy, because the concept that this word has acquired in colloquial language differs greatly from the concept that psychologists have established for it.
Therefore, the set of traits that exists with relative stability in an individual and allows others to be able to predict his behavior and know his difference from others is called personality.
In this regard, the view of modern psychologists is as follows: in terms of physical, mental abilities, and personality characteristics, there are clear differences between men and women [33].
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