خلاصة:
Good governance is a term that has been increasingly used in recent years in the literature of development, human rights, democracy, public law, corporate law, public management, as well as international documents. The present article attempts to briefly clarify the concept of this term and the contexts of its emergence and expansion. In this article, first the concept of governance and then the issue of the emergence of the modern state, its characteristics, and the role of the state in the economy from the perspective of various schools and trends will be examined so that the efforts of experts to redefine the position of the state in society are outlined. Then, the concept of good governance is traced in the development literature and its constituent elements are stated. Finally, the relationship between this concept and human rights as a substantive criterion for good governance is briefly stated. Given the lack of consensus on the definitions, specifications, objectives, and effects of good governance among experts and international institutions, despite the existence of some basic commonalities, the aim of this writing is merely to take a small step to start subsequent research and does not claim comprehensiveness or an accurate explanation of all dimensions and concepts of good governance.
ملخص الجهاز:
Table of Contents: 1- The Concept of Governance 2- Modern State, Economy and Development 3- Good Governance in International Documents and Assemblies 4- Definition and Characteristics of Good Governance 5- Good Governance and Indivisible Human Rights (1)- PhD student in Public Law at Shahid Beheshti University The Concept of Governance 1- In the middle of the fourteenth century, an Italian artist named Lorenzetti painted his famous fresco that shows the unpleasant and offensive conflict between good and bad governance.
The characteristics of modern states, especially considering their evolutionary history in Europe and for the purpose of expressing what is (description), which naturally includes what ought to be (prescription), are stated by one of the contemporary authors as follows: 1- Monopoly control of instruments of violence and physical coercion Violence 2- Possession of territory territoriality 3- Sovereignty sovereignty 4- Constitutionalism and limitation by the constitution constitutionality 5- Impersonal power and the rule of law impersonalpowerruleoflav 6- Public bureaucracy thepublicbureaueracy 7- Authority and legitimacy authoritylegitimacy 8- Citizenship citizanship 9- Collection of taxes taxation A brief review of the above headings and a comparison with the attributes listed for good governance can clearly express the proximity of these two concepts and their conceptual commonalities.
This issue has gained fundamental importance not only in terms of economic efficiency with the aim of optimal resource allocation, but also from the perspective of political philosophy, the emergence of the modern state within the context of modernity, and even regarding its connection to many value concepts and human ideals such as the establishment of social justice, the expansion of welfare, the guarantee of fundamental human rights, and more specifically, its relationship with the debate on distributive justice and the justification of state interventions in social relations and the limitation of individual rights and freedoms.
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