خلاصة:
این مقاله مسئله تورم در اقتصاد جوامع در حال توسعه را با توجه به ناکارآمدی سازوکار بازار در این جوامع مورد توجه قرار می دهد. پس از تحلیل نظری موضوع تورم و تغییر قیمت های نسبی، سیاست های اقتصادی مبتنی بر دیدگاههای خشک پولیون در این زمینه نقد گردیده و استدلال می شود که با توجه به اهمیت مسئله تورم و بیکاری مزمن در اقتصادهای در حال توسعه، چاره جویی این مسئله مستلزم واقع بینی بیشتر در مطالعات اقتصادی ناظر به این موضوع است. در مورد تورم و توزیع درآمد در ایران، پس از مرور سابقه عملکرد اقتصاد ایران در شرایط دوگانگی ساختاری اقتصاد، تحولات سالهای اخیر در زمینه تغییر قیمتها و اصلاح یارانه ها مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته و نشان داده می شود که هر چند این اصلاحات می تواند تا حدی در توزیع درآمد و بهبود کارایی اقتصادی موثر باشد، اما پیشرفت اساسی در این زمینه مستلزم توجه همه جانبه به وضعیت اقتصاد ایران و برنامه ریزی و سیاست گزاری کلان با هدف دستیابی به توازن اقتصادی و حصول رقابت پذیری پایدار در بازارهای جهانی است.
Endogenous growth model developed here emphasizes dynamics، with explicit modeling of knowledge accumulation. Considering the uncertainty inherent in any search process، the model presents a dynamic stochastic system in which new technology and capital accumulation are bounded complements—they complement each other to a point، but beyond this the impact of each factor is constrained by the level of the other. As a result، both technological progress and capital accumulation are necessary for sustained growth، but neither on its own is sufficient. Technological advancement stimulates capital accumulation by raising the marginal product of capital. Rapid capital accumulation stimulates R&D investments by raising the expected profitability of innovation. This paper discusses different possible regimes that an economy may find itself in as a result of the interactions between capital accumulation and technological innovations and has important implications for growth-promoting policies، knowledge spillover، and international flow of capital.
ملخص الجهاز:
"They formulated an endogenous growth model in which technological improvements are generated by a costly and uncertain search process, with search efforts financed by capital whose alternative use is in the production of consumption goods.
2. The Model Time is discrete and denoted byt,t = 0,1,… Three classes of economic agents exist in each period: a young generation, an old generation, and a number of firms that produces a single consumption good.
Having raisedkit units of capital, firmi, iÎI, can either combine this amount of capital with hired labor to produce the consumption good, using the technology with which it begins the period, or engage in a sequential search for a new and better vintage of technology.
The population of all possible technologies—found or yet to be found—is assumed to consist of all the Cobb-Douglas production functions of the following forms: (1) y(a,k,l)=akal1-a, (a ³1) In (1), y(a,k,l)is the output of the consumption good that is produced from k units of capital and l units of labor; a is the technological level—also called the productivity—of the technology in question; anda, 0 <a <1, is a parameter that characterizes the entire population in which the sequential search is conducted, while the technological level a identifies a specific technology within the population.
Although such a firm begins the search stage with a known technological level ait and a known capital stock kit, the random nature of the search means that aˆit , the highest technological level, andkˆit, the remaining capital, under its command for producing the consumption good are only known when the search ends."