چکیده:
lobalization is a complementary pattern beyond borders that brings about international investment, foreign trade, expansion of information and technology, convergence of production and consumption and integration of financial markets. Economic integration is an aspect of globalization which causes a decrease in prejudicial preventions among countries. In addition, it leads to the simplification of more extensive consumption markets, proficiency in production, use of capital and financial sources, use of technology spillovers, access to foreign investment and international cooperation. In this paper we focus on spillovers, arising from R&D development, trade relations and technology transfer. This study investigates the relationship between R&D spillovers, trade integration and their cross effects on expansion of trade flows in East - West Asia and Pacific. Accordingly, we use an augmented gravity trade model and estimate it the panel data approach to analyze the impacts of R&D spillovers and other determinants on bilateral trade relations among the selected Asia-Pacific countries over the period of 1995-2008. The results indicate that R&D spillovers and integration accelerate the trade flows.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Hence, we are testing the possible relationship between R&D spillovers, trade integration and the interaction of them on expansion of trade flows in the selected East -West Asian countries with emphasis on Iran in the period 1995-2008.
2- Related literature Coe and Helpman (1995) provide empirical evidence on trade-related international R&D spillovers by using panel data for 21 OECD countries and Israel over the period 1971-1990.
The trade gravity equation is a flexible model, which includes required variables denoting Z as the main determinants gravity-based (GDPi, GDPj and Dij, distance between country i and country j), Y as control variables (domestic and foreign R&D spillovers, Sdit and Sfit, respectively) and W as dummies for integration, trade blocks and so on.
Regarding the aim of present study which investigates the effects of R&D spillovers and trade integration on trade flows of East-West Asia and Pacific, our model is generally specified as: (2) Where is bilateral exports from country i to country j in time t.
Source: Authors Estimating Equations 3 to 6 by panel procedure, we summarize the results in Table 2, indicating the impacts of the domestic and foreign R&D spillovers, per capita GDP of both exporter (country i) and importer (country j) and trade integration on bilateral trade flows (exports from country i to country j) between selected Asian countries and Pacific.
Additionally, the results indicate that the interacted effect of R&D spillovers and trade integration appeared in the estimated coefficient values of Dapec and Dasean (in Cases I and IV) are significantly positive as expected."