چکیده:
ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻛﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ اﻧﻘﻼب ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺮوزی ﻣﺸـﺮوﻃﻴﺖ و ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ اﻳﺎﻟﺘﻲ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ از ﻗﺸﺮ ﻛـﺎرﮔﺮ ﺗﻬـﻲدﺳـﺖ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺪان، واﻋﻈﺎن، روﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮان، و ﺗﺠـﺎر ﺑﺴـﻴﺎر ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ و ﭼﺸـﻢﮔﻴـﺮ ﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ اﻳﺎﻟﺘﻲ، در ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ اﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ. از آن ﭘـﺲ اﻋﻀﺎی اﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻼت ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪة اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰی در ﻣﺤﻠﺔ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲآﻣﺪﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. از ﺳـﻮی دﻳﮕـﺮ، اﻫـﺎﻟﻲ ﻫـﺮ ﻣﺤﻠـﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ، از ﻗﺸﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ را آﻏـﺎز ﻛﺮدﻧـﺪ. ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ دﺳـﺘﻪﻫـﺎی ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺪان و ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪن زﺑﺪهﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ آﻧﺎن و دﻓـﺎع از ﻣﺸـﺮوﻃﻴﺖ در ﻟﺤﻈﺎت ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎی ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. در اﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻣﻌﺎرفدوﺳﺘﺎن، ﺧﻴﺮﻳﻦ، و اﻋﻀﺎی اﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪﺧـﻮاه ﻣﺤـﻼت ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺄﺳـﻴﺲ ﻣـﺪارس و اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔـﺎن ﻣﺸـﺮوﻃﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ در ﻣﺤـﻼت دوه ﭼـﻲ، ﺳﺮﺧﺎب، و ﺷﺸﻜﻼن ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪﺧﻮاﻫﺎن روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮدﻧـﺪ و اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دادﻧﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺖ دو ﮔـﺮوه در ﻣﺤﻼت ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺧﻮاه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻋﻀﺎی اﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﻲ و اﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻧﺠﻤـﻦ ﻫـﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ اﻳﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ در دﻓﺎع از ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد. در ﻛﻨﺎر آن، ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺖ ﻫـﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ، ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ، و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎن ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ در ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺎن و ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮای ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ اﺷﺎره ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ارزﻧﺪة اﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﻼت ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪﺧﻮاه در ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی از ﺳﻘﻮط ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﻮد.
Tabriz was one of the important centers in constitutionalist revolution. A long with constitutionalist triumph and establishing provincial association، the role of different groups of Tabriz neighborhoods (including poor workers as well as crusaders، preachers، intellectuals and businessmen) became very significant. Provincial association wanted to establish miner association in Tabriz neighborhoods. After that، neighborhoods association members، who were the representatives of the central association in their neighborhood، performed political and cultural activities. On the other hand، members of each neighborhood that belonged to different classes did cultural and military activities، for example establishing crusader groups and selecting the most outstanding military leaders and defense of constitutionalist system in critical times. They also founded new schools and published some newspapers. Because of aggravation of disagreements، constitutionalist system opponents in neighborhoods like Duhchi، Sorkhab and Sheshkalan also established associations and published newspapers to oppose constitutionalist system followers. In the present paper، we will study the political، cultural and military activities of two groups in neighborhoods following constitutionalist system، including members of miner association and non-members. Our purpose is recognizing their roles in each neighborhood when defending constitutionalist system. We will also refer to the political، military and cultural activities of their opponents in Tabriz neighborhoods to oppose constitutionalist system followers and try to stop establishing constitutionalist system. We will show constitutionalists significant role to prevent constitutionalist system falling.
خلاصه ماشینی:
از اﻳﻦرو ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و از ﺳﻮی دﻳﮕﺮ، دﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮی اﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎی اﺳﻼﻣﻴﻪ و ﺳﺎدات و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎن ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ در ﻣﺤﻼت دوهﭼﻲ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺳﺎل اول، ﺷﻤﺎرة دوم، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1931 64 ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ در اﻧﻘﻼب ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﺧﺎب ﺑﺮای ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪﺧﻮاﻫﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲدادﻧﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ دو ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، روﺷﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺮﻫﺎﺷﻢ دوهﭼﻲ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺳﺎل اول، ﺷﻤﺎرة دوم، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1931 84 ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ در اﻧﻘﻼب ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ ﭘﺲ از او ﻣﻴﺮزا ﻛﺮﻳﻢ اﻣﺎمﺟﻤﻌﻪ و ﻣﻴﺮزا ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻋﻀﺎی اﻧﺠﻤﻦ اﻳﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ اﺧﺮاج ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻋﻠﻤﺎی ﺑﺎﻧﻔﻮذ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺮون رﻓﺘﻨﺪ.
ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ در اﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺪان را ﺑﻪ اﺗﺤﺎد ﻓﺮا ﻣﻲﺧﻮاﻧﺪ و آﻧﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﻨﮕﭽﻴﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﺔ دوهﭼﻲ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺳﺎل اول، ﺷﻤﺎرة دوم، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1931 25 ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ در اﻧﻘﻼب ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ )ﺻﺪر ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ، ﺑﻲﺗﺎ: 1/ 54(.
اﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺮاﻣﻠﻚ، ﻛﻪ اﻛﺜﺮا ﺑﺎغدار و ﻛﺸﺎورز ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ دلﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺮزا ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺳﺎل اول، ﺷﻤﺎرة دوم، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1931 26 ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ در اﻧﻘﻼب ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻴﺖ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ1 و ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم دﻳﻦداری و ﺗﻌﺼﺐ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ و ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از اﻧﺠﻤﻦ اﺳﻼﻣﻴﻪ ﻋﺪهای از ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن زﺑﺪة ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼح ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﺔ دوهﭼﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎدﻧﺪ.