چکیده:
This paper presents a minimalist analysis of two agreement patterns of variation in Iranian ergative languages. On the one hand, there are languages in which the ergative subject is marked ergative/oblique morphologically and in which the ergative (past transitive) verb displays full agreement with the nominative object. On the other, languages are found where the transitive subject is doubled by an oblique clitic, but where the transitive verb fails to show agreement with the nominative object. Descriptively speaking, where there is a (doubling) clitic, there is no (agreement) affix (on the verb) and vice versa. To account for this complementarity, it will be argued that the verb-object agreement is a reflex of T°(ense)-object agree, when no intervener impedes the agree relation between the two. However, it will be argued that when a clitic doubles a transitive subject, it constitutes a case of defective intervention and causes the T°-object agree to break down. Thus analyzed, the competition of clitics and affixes in cross-referencing arguments in Iranian ergative languages amounts to the (un)availability of the agree relation within clausal domain, which is independently derivable from the tenets of the Minimalist Program
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Ashrafganjooie Tehran University of Medical Sciences Abstract The acoustic explanation of Voice Onset Time (VOT) in initial oral plosives produced by Cochlear Implanted (CI) children and Normal Hearings (NHs) showed that in both voiced and voiceless plosives, the mean amount of VOT was morein the production of CIs. The reasons of this condition are as follows: CIshave less control on the vibration of vocal cords, phonological awareness is increased in CIs and they apply it unnaturally, CIs don’t have enough sensory input in the critical period oflanguageacquisition, and in the production of prevoicing more acoustic cues are necessary.
Tarbiat Modares University Abstract The objective of this paper is to study metaphorical conceptualizations which are based on two physical postures of STANDING and SITTING, represented in the Holy Quran Language.
Rafiei* University of Isfahan Abstract This article deals with the question of the origin of the meaning of agent in the Persian derived words."