خلاصه ماشینی:
"However, the findings of other studies show that although credit and microfinance programs have significant potential for contributing to women’s economic, social and political empowerment, yet, there is no automatic benefit of micro-finance for women and even gender inequalities may be exacerbated rather than reduced by the injection of capital through access to finance; as many women have limited control over loans and/or resulted income and without careful loan monitoring, the loans and incomes would be taken by men (Goetz and Sen Gupta 1994; Montgomery, Bhattacharya, and Hulme 1996; Sebstad and Chen 1996; Mayoux 1999; Rahman 1999; Hunt and Kasynathan 2001; Kabeer 2001, Cornford 2001, Mayoux and Simanowitz 2001, Mayoux 2002; Holvoet 2003).
5-5- Success Stories The most successful women’s cooperatives were ordinary private firms that were established in 1980s by women who were already exercising considerable entrepreneurial initiative and could continue their activities, despite harsh competition and marketing problems, but they had formally transformed into cooperatives to facilitate their access to state subsidized loans.
The lack of effective collaboration between women’s NGOs and government officials to direct loans to interested and capable women who control the use of the money is one of the most important obstacles to successful implementation of access to finance policies for women’s empowerment in Iran.
Without complementary programs for women’s empowerment and active collaboration of women’s NGOs that identify women who are interested and able to start businesses and monitor the use of loans, specific finance programs, in most cases, can create special rents for the persons who have close relationships with officials who can decide about the allocation of limited credits."