چکیده:
he economic convergence concept arises from the Solow-Swan growth model. Accordingly, two hypotheses are considered: absolute and conditional convergence. The first implies the convergence of economies towards a steady-state. The second hypothesis is based on the convergence of each economy toward its own steady-state. Indeed, it refers to different structures of economies. In experimental studies, for testing the conditional hypothesis, different determinants are entered in the growth model to capture the differences in structures. However, one coefficient is estimated for β-convergence and one convergence speed is obtained. This paper examines the convergence hypotheses for Asian countries over the period of 1999-2009 using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach. GWR provides useful means for dealing with spatial variation in convergence speed. In this way, convergence coefficients can be computed for considered countries. The results show that, speed of convergence varies over different countries. Also, the spatial variation of steady- state incomes is significant. This paper investigates mate selection behavior with respect to both class position and individuals characteristics in the marriage market. The theoretical prediction of model can suggest not only those ones that belong to upper and lower class will marry within own class but also they can form the interclass marriage. Accordingly, the hypothesis is that the persons in upper and lower classes marry within own class. Logit regressions show that the ratio of probability of intraclass to interclass marriage decreases as partners belong to upper and lower classes in Tehran. This result indicates that partners’ differentiations measured by love and quality in family formation, are important determinants in mate selection rather than class position of individuals in a traditional society such as Tehran.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"This study reconsiders the question of economic income convergence for Asian countries through spatial econometrics by considering both spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity.
For defining different steady-state levels of incomes, in addition to the initial income level, other variables than have been entered in the growth model (Barro and Sala-i-Martin, 1995), but only one speed of convergence is obtained by estimating the specified model.
g. Durlauf and Johnson (1995), Hansen (1996), and Arbia and Basile (2005), have estimated different steady-state levels and convergence coefficients for groups of countries by multiple regimes).
The equation (1) shows that the growth rate is negatively correlated with the initial level of - As mentioned by Arbia and basile (2005), alternative methods are the intra-distribution dynamics approach (Quah, 1997; Rey, 2000), the "stochastic convergence" approach in time series (Carlino and Mills, 1993, Bernard and Durlauf, 1995) and, more recently, the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey specification (Arbia and Paelinck, 2004).
4- The Empirical Results For having an initial view of spatial dependence, before estimating models, we trace the Moran’s I scatter plots for economic growth rates of considered countries, suggested by Anselin (1993).
Table 1 reports the estimation results for a cross-sectional regression of the growth model (1) for the 34 considered countries and two spatial dependence models specified in equations (2) and (3).
Figure 3: Spatial Distribution of β-Convergence Coefficient 5- Conclusion In economics literature, there are so many works which have tried to analyze regional growth behavior and test regional convergence within a cross-sectional regression."