چکیده:
This article is an attempt to survey the contraction and cancellation of the Reuter’s agreement as a one-sided approach and from special perspective, by using minimalistic ideology and with emphasis on multi-sided and various reasons and factors effective in the process of this contract. On the basis of this research, in this contraction, different factors came together and augmented one another. They can be summarized in the three factors of modernized inclinations of Nasser al din Shah, operationalization of the insights of Mohammad Hussein Khan Sepahsalar, the chanceller of the time, and efforts of the English merchants for trading in Iran. In the cancellation of the Agreement, also, different processes were involved including the explicit opposition of Russia, the priority of the political-security role of Iran for the Government of England, and disagreement of the majority of the Qajar Court authorities and a part of clergy people with Sepahsalar and their benefitting from this opportunity to dismiss him. On this basis the article attracts the attention for researchers to this issue that history cannot be interpreted just on the basis of intentions and with the supposition of actualization of actor’s intentions, but there should be more emphasis on the importance of the role of constructs and dialectic of constructs with the agency of individuals and their thoughts.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the cancellation of the Agreement, also, different processes were i n- volved including the explicit opposition of Russia, the priority of the political-security role of Iran for the Government of England, and disagreement of the majority of the Qajar Court authorities and a part of clergy people with Sepahsalar and their benefitting from this opportunity to dismiss him.
Abstract: Keywords: Reuter’ Agreement, Colonial Competition, Internal Reforms, Exogenous Developments Introduction The age of Qajar Dynasty is important in the history of Iran from different perspectives: One: renewal of the political centrality of Iran, Two: collision and/or involvement of this dynasty with the international policies, Three: great, fast, and abundant developments of the late 18th and 19th centuries (competition of European Governments and emergence of Russia as a new power in the world), Four: submissiveness of unaware Qajar Sultans and enlightened figures of that time to the superiority of Europeans (forgetting the national Corresponding Author: ab.
Privileged chancellery of Amir Kabir and the main effects of his landowning on the mind of the King helped him to reach the position to leave an acceptable dossier of himself when dealing with the conflict between Russia and England, and also in the foreign policy: this achieved shaky balance which continued to remain the same to the early years of the 1300 decade (Islamic Calendar) was continuously moving from one pole to the other, yet what Nasser al din Shah had achieved was more promising when compared with perspectives of the performance by his other Muslim neigh- bors-like the Second Sultan Abdolmajid (1876- 1909) in Ottoman Empire, or the dangerous at- tempts made by Khadiv Ismail (1863-1879) in Egypt, on the process of modernization.