چکیده:
زمینه و هدف: نظر به اهمیت شناخت متغیرهای موثر بر کیفیت زندگی دانشجویان، این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین جهتگیری مذهبی و کیفیت زندگی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک در سال 1393 انجام شده است. مواد و روشها: در این مطالعه توصیفی ـ مقطعی به روش نمونهگیری چندمرحلهای، 288 از دانشجویان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها در این مطالعه شامل پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی و پرسشنامه جهتگیری مذهبی آلپورت بود. تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار آماری SPSS 20 انجام شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: پس از توضیح اهداف مطالعه، رضایت آگاهانه جهت شرکت در تحقیق از نمونهها اخذ گردید. پرسشنامهها بینام بوده و به شرکتکنندگان اطمینان خاطر داده شد که اطلاعات آنها محرمانه مانده و به صورت گروهی منتشر خواهد شد.
یافتهها: میانگین و انحراف معیار کیفیت زندگی در حیطه جسمی 2/16±12/24، حیطه روانشناختی 1/90±13/33، حیطه روابط اجتماعی 2/83±13/77 و حیطه محیطی 2/58±13/46 بود. میانگین و انحراف معیار جهتگیری مذهبی بیرونی 5/28±26/61 و جهتگیری مذهبی درونی 5/16±28/53 بود. بین جهتگیری مذهبی درونی با تمامی حیطههای کیفیت زندگی ارتباط مثبت و معنیدار وجود داشت (0/05>P). بین جهتگیری مذهبی بیرونی با حیطه جسمی و محیطی کیفیت زندگی ارتباط منفی و معنیدار وجود داشت (0/05>P). نتیجهگیری: یافتهها نشان داد برخلاف بین جهتگیری مذهبی درونی با تمامی جنیههای کیفیت زندگی ارتباط معنیدار وجود دارد. با توجه به نقش مثبت جهتگیری مذهبی درونی در پیشبینی کیفیت زندگی دانشجویان، تقویت باورهای مذهبی و نهادینهسازی معنویت در محیطهای دانشگاهی توصیه میگردد.
Background and Aim: Among the factors influencing the quality of life، the role of religion and religious orientation in improving the quality of life has been less respected by researchers. Students experience significant changes in social and individual relationships when they enter the university. Academic environment is a stressful environment and it is imperative to seriously take the issues related to health and the cognitive، emotional and psychological aspects of the quality of life of this stratum. Studies show that some inappropriate psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression among the students. Considering the importance of recognizing the variables affecting the quality of life of students، this study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious orientation and quality of life of students in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2014.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study، 288 students of Arak University of Medical Sciences were selected through multistage sampling. First، the students were classified in terms of their field of study (midwifery، nursing، laboratory science، anesthesia، operating room، urgency Medical، and health). Then، each field of study was divided into several clusters in terms of the year of entering university and one cluster was randomly selected. Finally، 288 people were randomly selected from clusters. The criteria for entering the study were having at least one year of study and undergraduate or postgraduate education. In this study، the data gathering tool includes the World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire and Allport's Religious Orientation Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation، independent t-test and one way ANOVA.
Ethical considerations: This study is a result of a research project approved by Arak University of Medical Sciences with no. 2021. To conduct the study، a confirmation was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of the University with code 14- 164-93. After explaining the goals of the study، informed consent was obtained from the samples for participation in the research. The questionnaires were anonymous and convinced participants that their information would remain confidential and would be published in groups.
Findings: Most of the studied samples were women (66.7%)، single (84.4%)، undergraduate students (92.4%)، urban residents (88.2%)، and having no physical problems (93%). The mean age of participants was 21.86 ± 2.55 years and their mean of Lesson Underscores was 15.98 ± 1.20. The mean and standard deviation of the quality of life score in physical activity was 12.24 ± 2.16، in the psychological domain was 13.33 ± 1.90، in the sphere of social relation was 13.77 ± 2.83 and in the environmental domain was 13.46 ± 2.58 (score range 4-20). The mean score of external religious orientation was 26.61 ± 5.28 (score range 11- 44) and the internal orientation was 28.53 ± 5.16 (score range 10-44). There was a positive and significant relationship between internal religious orientation and all aspects of quality of life (P <0.05). There was a negative and significant relationship between external religious orientation and physical and environmental status of life quality (P <0.05). There was statistically significant relationship between marital status and physical، psychological and social relationships of quality of life، so that the average score of quality of life of isolated individuals was lower than those of married and single (P <0.05). There was statistically significant relationship between the level of education and the physical and psychological aspects of quality of life، so that the quality of life score decreased with increasing education level in these two domains (P <0.05).
There was statistically significant relationship between the field of study and the physical and environmental domain of quality of life. So، the quality of life score of students in laboratory sciences was lower than other disciplines in these two domains (P <0.05)، but quality of life was not significantly different among other fields (P>0.05). There was a significant relationship between father's job and quadruple areas of quality of life، so that the quality of life score in students whose fathers had died was lower than others (P <0.05). There was a significant relationship between place of living and quality of life (P <0.05)، people living in the city had higher quality of life than those living in the village. There was a significant relationship between the status of the home and the quadruple areas of quality of life. Individuals with a personal home had a higher quality of life than those who lived at a rented home (P <0.05). There was a significant relationship between migration history and the quadruple areas of quality of life; people with a history of immigration had lower quality of life in all domains than other people (P <0.05). There was a significant relationship between physical problems and quadruple areas in quality of life. People with physical disabilities had lower quality of life than others (P <0.05). There was no statistical significant relationship between quality of life with gender، mother's occupation، number of family members and birth rate (P >0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that، contrary to the external religious orientation، there are significant positive relationship between internal religious orientation and all aspects of quality of life; in other words، religious people have a higher quality of life. The internal religious orientation is inclusive with organized principles that serve to satisfy the inner need of man to attain his existential truth، "the essence of God's divine". While external religious orientation serves the satisfaction of external needs such as authority and security، and so on. Individuals with an internal religious orientation who resort to religion to face with their stressful situations have good mental health and quality of life. Considering the positive role of internal religious orientation in predicting the quality of life of students، strengthening religious beliefs and institutionalization of spirituality in academic environments are recommended.