چکیده:
اﻣﺮوزه ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ردﭘﺎی ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در آن ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ. ﺿﺮورت وﺟﻮد ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪن ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اذﻋﺎن داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎی اﻣﺮوزی ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ را اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ درﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻣﺮوز ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﯽ ﻧﻈﻤﯽ ﻫﺎ و اﺷﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺼﺮی و رواﻧﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ روﺣﯿﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮﺟﺎی ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارد ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد درﯾﮏ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎی آن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻣﻮزون ﺑﻮدن آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ذﻫﻨﯽ و روﺣﯽ اﻓﺮاد را درﭘﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ داﻧﺸﻬﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻧﻈﯿﺮ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل راه ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﺣﻞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ دراﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ و درﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺮﺗﺠﺴﻤﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ دراﯾﻦ حیطه دارد ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ازﻃﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺒﺎﺳﺎزی ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎئل و ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮوزه در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد اﯾﺠﺎب ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺧﻮد رادرﺣﯿﻄ ﻌﻤﺎری و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ درﻧﻈﻢ ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪن و زﯾﺒﺎﮐﺮدن ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و اﻣﺎﮐﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردن ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺒﺎی ﺑﺼﺮی ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺎﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اراﻣﺶ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را درﻧﻈﺮ داشته ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺧﻮد، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﻫﻮﯾﺖ وﯾﮋه ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﻮاد ﺑﺼﺮی ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎ و ارزش ﻫﺎی زﯾﺒﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻫﻨﺮی، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و... ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ دارﻧﺪ. گراﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی، ﺑﺼﺮی و ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی، در ادراک و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ شهر و محیط شهری از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد و به عنوان بخشی از هنرهای شهری، نمود عینی احساسات و تفکرات معاصر شهروندان و همچنین زندگی روزمره آن هاست که می تواند تاثیر بارزی در فعال سازی و پویای سازی فضای های ﺷﻬﺮی داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی، آرﻣﺎن ها و ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.
Today, there are very few or no places without any trace of environmental graphic. The need for environmental
graphics has increased with the complexity of cities and their population growth so that it can be claimed that
environmental graphics plays a vital role in today's cities. One of the most important issues in today's societies is
the problem of irregularities and disturbances of different urban sceneries, which leads to people's visual and
mental contamination and adversely affects the human spirit. The most important elements in a city are its
buildings and monuments, the beauty and harmony of which can lead to citizens' mental and psychological
health. Various sciences such as psychology, sociology, urban planning and environment are looking for
solutions to this problem. Among them, arts in general and visual arts such as environmental graphics in
particular have a significant contribution in this area. Environmental graphics contributes to the beauty of urban
spaces as well as the internal spaces of buildings through different ways. The problems that exist today in urban
life require that graphic arts do part of their activities in the area of architecture and the environment. In other
words, to enhance the beauty of urban and public spaces and buildings and monuments, we should try to provide
the people of the community with a beautiful visual environment and harmony with a relaxing living
environment. Due to their communicative nature, these graphic arts have many capabilities in creating spatial
identity, enhancing visual literacy, and explaining the aesthetic, sociological, and psychological structures and
values and the cultural, artistic and political issues of the community. Due to its direct relationship with the
physical, visual and semantic features of urban spaces, environmental graphics plays a special role in the
perception and evaluation of the city and urban environments, and it is, as a part of urban arts, the objective
representation of the current citizens' feelings and thoughts as well as their daily lives, which can have a
dramatic effect on the activation and dynamism of urban spaces. We have tried in this descriptive-analytical
paper attempt to first deal with environmental graphics and urban design, and then to explore the ideals and their
common issues.