چکیده:
The term lifestyle which comprises social, cultural, and economic elements has a profound impact on
behavioral patterns and mental attitudes of individuals in the society and affects the architecture of their living place. In the recent decades, the discourse of housing choice pattern and living space in relation to lifestyle as a new subject has attracted the attention of the researchers and scholars in various fields of study including architecture and urbanism. One of the manifestations of the lifestyle is the quality of housing choice pattern as well as the quality of the living place which in turn exerts an influence on the architecture of the houses. The present study sets out to investigate the extent to which western lifestyle affected people`s lifestyle in the late Qajar dynasty in Hamadan and the influence that this kind of lifestyle had on the architecture of the houses in this period. The study employed a historical-interpretive analysis methodology. The data for the study were collected using library resources and field study. The samples for the field study were selected based on purposive sampling. In order to select the sample houses, all the documented houses which dated back to the late Qajar period and lent themselves to field study were examined. Asmany as six houses which displayed greater architectural developments due to lifestyle changes were selected. More specifically, the houses which were affected more profoundly by the western lifestyle in terms of architectural features in three macro-level, middle level, and micro-level were selected. The results showed that lifestyle changes occurred in social, cultural, and economic levels which in turn overshadowed the architecture of the houses, too. These changes were first demonstrated in the houses belonging to the grandees and merchants. The architectural evolution in these houses was examined at macro, middle, and micro levels. At the macro level, the simplicity of form and the elimination of multiple courtyards were significant. At the middle level, an evolution in the organization of the interior space and its developmentwas observed. Finally, at the micro level, the symbolic significance of some architectural elements such as columns, stairs, and decoration was notable.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"The main variables of lifestyle change The representation of the lifestyle changes in the house culture (intangible layers) The representation of lifestyle changes in the architectural space of the houses (tangible layer) Evolution in the organization of macro-level structure of form and space Evolution in organizing interior space Evolution in the micro-space (architectural elements and details) Changes in social interaction The tendency to distinguish from other social levels Interaction with religious minorities and foreigners and its effectiveness in the house behavioral pattern The development of simple structure at macro level Elimination of multiple courtyards and the construction of houses with one courtyard Decreasing the public and private spaces border public and private spaces The emphasis on interior spaces and the relative integration of public and private spaces –the symbolic use of decorative columns and stairs as a symbol of the new lifestyle The use of decorations and architectural elements to imitate the architectural culture of the west for social differentiation and individuation Cultural change in family system Decrease in totalitarianism and patriarchy at home Undermining the system of values and religious beliefs at home Symbolic importance of family, emphasis on family involvement in the closed space, and the gradual disappearance of yard as the agent of space organization The development of the interior space and the importance and dignity of the family members as having the same status Elimination of the spaces and connection architectural elements such as rooms intermediaries and in relation to the central corridor to increase interaction among family members Changes in the social concept of woman Shortening the border of privacy and women`s space at home, accepting the social presence of women in the society and, being extensively involved in activities at home Eliminating some gender space elements such as the outer courtyard of the corridor The development of women’s space at home and the decrease of gender-based routes through expansion and development of visual communications in the interior space The formation of decorating and painting in space and sometimes the use of the image of women in decorating the interior spaces Changes in the economic system Tendency for to consumerism The importance of the objects in life The economic importance of land, smaller houses, minimizing the role of the economic value of the house Shorter distance between the service space and residential space The symbolic importance of foreign goods And objects , limited use of furniture micro levels."